加拿大汉学家E. G. Pulleyblank "Stages in the transcription of Indian words in Chinese from Han to Tang"收录在"Sprachen des Buddhismus in Zentralasien : Vorträge d. Hamburger Symposions vom 2 . Juli - 5. Juli 1981; Wiesbaden 1983" 讨论后秦鸠摩罗什梵汉对音的“履”字时,在页100注13说: "A curious feature of these dharani transcriptions by Kumarajiva that I have not met elsewhere is the use of the character 履 for the Sanskrit syllables mi, me and vi (as well as, sometimes, in a more normal way, for ri and dh.i). This must reflect an old reading of the character that has gone unrecorded in dictionaries. One might suspect that it was a mere graphic corruption of some kind (though it is repeated so often that this would be hard to account for). I have, however, recently come across evidence that seems to confirm it. The word is read vi at the present day in Suixian 睢县 dialect in Henan (Huang 1959). The mandarin pronunciation lu: is irregular, having an unexplained rounded vowel. This too probably reflects an old cluster of labial r."
美國漢學家W. South Coblin "A Handbook of Eastern Sound Glosses" 香港中文大學出版社1983 頁69 "MC x- usually corresponds to Indic h, or occasionally to -bh-, which had probably become -h- in at least some of the underlying languages. We can reconstruct it as EH *h-. There are three cases where words with this initial render Indic v: T 280.445.3 墮陀 Skt. veda T 280.446.1 墮樓延 Skt. vairocana T 418.903.1 墮舍利 Skt. vais/a-li- The word 墮 has the MC labial medial -w- (< EH *w-) and is probably employed here for want of a better way to transcribe foreign v." 頁257注166b "It occurs several times in this T 280 passage in variant forms such as 墮, 墮羅, 墮國陀 (the graph 國 here may be a corruption), 墮大; and in later translations of the original Indic text (e.g. T 278.418.2-3, T 279.58.1-2) it is consistently rendered as 智 'wisdom'."
W. South Coblin "BTD Revisited - A Reconstruction of the Han Buddhist Transcription Dialect" 中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊第六十三本第四分1993 頁877 "And Prof. Harrison's T 624 data yield the following example: T 624.351.3 隨藍 Skt. vairambha ... To account for this state of affairs, we shall tentatively suggest that ONWC zu- in such cases be derived from earlier *w-, followed by the vowel *-i- plus some other vowel. ... The shift later to zu- may have been a fronting process similar to that which occurred widely in modern northern dialects when earlier *hy- shifted to later c/y-." [T 624 原文云:“摩訶迦葉言。譬若隨藍風一起時。諸樹名大樹而不能自制。所以者何。其身不堪伅真陀羅王琴聲。譬若如隨藍風起時。以是故吾等而不能自制。”]
W. South Coblin "Remarks on Some Early Buddhist Transcriptional Data from Northwest China" Monumenta Serica 42 (1994) 頁158 "But it is worth nothing here that it is attested in the following late Han Buddhist transcription of Lokaks.ema (T 280), representing the Luoyang area: T 280.445.3 鬱沈墮大 Skt. Uttamaveda ... (I am most grateful to Professor Paul Harrison for sending me this example.) "