孔子年普与鲁国纪年问题
本帖最后由 若蝶之慕 于 2016-1-15 11:51 编辑 <br /><br /><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: 35pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">海昏侯“孔子屏风”出土后，引起了各界的广泛关注。有些学者开始对屏风的铭文进行研究，其中王楚宁先生根据央视纪实图片，对屏风的铭文进行了释读。王先生指出“鲁昭公六年，孔子盖卅矣”与《史记》等文献存在差异，又释出“……六年，孔子六十三”，并根据文意推定“鲁定公六年，孔子六十三”。事实上，“屏风”后文有“鲁哀公六年，孔子六十三”。<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">按原文“鲁”字上部较模糊，但根据字形隶定无误。</span>原文如下：</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><img width="165" height="559" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2016/01/13/20160113001647224001.jpg"></span></p><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: 35pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">根据《史记》等文献的记载，将孔子年普的主要时间点列举如下：</span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">鲁公纪年</span></b></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">孔子屏风</span></b></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">史记</span></b></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">公羊传</span></b></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">榖梁传</span></b></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">566</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">年</span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">襄公七年</span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"> </p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"> </p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"> </p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">552</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">年</span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">襄公二十一年</span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"> </p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">十有一月庚子孔子生</span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">十月庚子孔子生</span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">551</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">年</span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">襄公二十二年</span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"> </p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">孔子生</span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"> </p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"> </p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">542</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">年</span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">襄公三十一年，薨。</span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">541</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">年</span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">昭公元年</span></p>
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<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 60.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 27.2pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" width="81">
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">536</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">年</span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">昭公六年</span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">孔子盖卅矣</span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"> </p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"> </p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"> </p>
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<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 60.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" width="81">
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">522</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">年</span></p>
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<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" width="113">
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">昭公二十年</span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"> </p>
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<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 65.45pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" width="87">
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">孔子盖年三十矣</span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"> </p>
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<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" width="108">
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"> </p>
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<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 60.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 33.3pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" width="81">
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">510</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">年</span></p>
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<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 398.45pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 33.3pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" width="531" colspan="5">
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">昭公三十二年，卒。</span></p>
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<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 60.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 48.85pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" width="81">
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">509</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">年<span>-</span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">495</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">年</span></p>
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<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 398.45pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 48.85pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" width="531" colspan="5">
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">定公元年，十五年，薨。</span></p>
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<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 60.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 34.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" width="81">
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">494</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">年</span></p>
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<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 398.45pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 34.9pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" width="531" colspan="5">
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">哀公元年</span></p>
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<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 60.55pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" width="81">
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">489</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">年</span></p>
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<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" width="113">
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">哀公六年</span></p>
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<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" width="113">
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">孔子六十三</span></p>
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<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 65.45pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" width="87">
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">孔子年六十三</span></p>
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<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 81.9pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" width="109">
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"> </p>
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<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" width="108">
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.75pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all" align="center"> </p>
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<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">由此可知，“鲁</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">哀公六年，孔子年六十三”，这一记载是可信的，问题出现在“孔子盖年三十时，是鲁昭公何一年”上。按《史记</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">·孔世家</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">》记载，此年是鲁昭公二十年</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">。按“孔子屏风”记载，此年是鲁昭公六年。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">这说明西汉时可能存在两套不同的鲁国纪年。换句话说，“孔子屏风”是一个版本，而司马迁在撰写《史记》时所依据是另一个版本。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">鲁国由于有《春秋》及《左传》、《</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">公羊传》、《</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">谷梁传》等史书，其纪年相对于其他诸侯国是较为明确的，因而历代鲁公的纪年相对有据可依。根据“孔子屏风”记载，鲁国纪年存在问题应该是昭公时。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">按《孔世家》及《十二诸侯年表》记载，鲁襄公去世于公元前<span>542</span>年，在位三十一年，次年鲁昭公即位。但按“孔子屏风”记载，鲁昭公十五年当为鲁昭公元年。如此，鲁襄公去世后到鲁昭公十五年，存在一个十四年的空档期。因而可推测这个空档期或许另有鲁君在位，而其纪年被并入鲁昭公。《鲁世家》记载：“三十一年六月，襄公卒。其九月，太子卒。鲁人立齐归之子裯为君，是为昭公。昭公年十九，犹有童心。穆叔不欲立，曰：‘太子死，有母弟可立，不即立长。年钧择贤，义钧则卜之。今裯非適嗣，且又居丧意不在戚而有喜色，若果立，必为季氏忧。’季武子弗听，卒立之。比及葬，三易衰。君子曰：‘是不终也。’”这说明当时鲁昭公的继位是存在争议的。</span></p>
<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"> 综上所述，可以肯定的是：在“孔子屏风”与文献的比较上，“孔子年谱”并无较大出入，主要差异还是在“鲁国纪年<span>”</span>上。</span> 本帖最后由 若蝶之慕 于 2017-5-20 00:38 编辑 <br /><br /><p>海昏侯墓所出土屏风 (穿衣镜)所见孔子年谱问题，应该引起考古界、历史界关注。如其所载无误，问题就必然是出现在鲁国的“纪年”上。有学者认为“鲁昭公六年，孔子盖卅矣”，其中“六”为“廿”之误。此种说法过于武断。《史记·鲁世家》对鲁襄公及鲁昭公纪年的记载，可能存在逻辑上问题。</p>
<p>一、鲁襄公纪年问题</p>
<p>鲁襄公在位时间恐怕不止三十一年。《史记·鲁世家》记载：“十八年，成公卒，子午立，是为襄公。是时襄公三岁也。”又记载：“三十一年六月，襄公卒。”如记载无误，鲁襄公寿命为三十四岁。可是按《史记》的说法，鲁昭公年十九继位。《鲁世家》记载：“三十一年六月，襄公卒。其九月，太子卒。鲁人立齐归之子裯为君，是为昭公。昭公年十九，犹有童心。”可推出，鲁襄公十五岁时，其儿子鲁昭公出生。这个年龄就已生子，很是值得怀疑。更甚者，鲁昭公既不是太子，也不是庶长子。《鲁世家》记载：“穆叔不欲立，曰：‘太子死，有母弟可立，不即，立长。年钧择贤，义钧则卜之。今裯非適嗣，且又居丧意不在戚而有喜色，若果立，必为季氏忧。’”也就是说，鲁襄公的所有儿子中，还有比鲁昭公还要大的庶长子存在。显然，这不符合人的生理规律。</p>
<p>二、鲁昭公纪年问题</p>
<p>鲁昭公在位时间实际只有二十五年，另有七年流亡在国外。《鲁世家》记载：“二十五年春，.......三家共伐公，公遂奔。”又记载：“三十二年，昭公卒於乾侯。鲁人共立昭公弟宋为君，是为定公。”《左传·昭公二十八年》杜预注：“乾侯，在魏郡斥丘县，晋竟内邑。”按这一记载，鲁定公是在鲁昭公去世那一年即位。难道鲁昭公流亡在外七年，鲁国就一直没有国君？显然，这不符合政治逻辑。</p>
<p>三、问题假设</p>
<p>假设鲁昭公二十五年出逃后，三家就立其弟鲁定公为国君。那么，鲁国就存在两位国君的纪年。对于鲁国这样一个礼仪之邦来说，显然是不被允许的。也许是为了处理这一问题，才出现鲁襄公的纪年被压缩掉，从而出现鲁襄公与鲁昭公纪年不符合逻辑的现象。当然，目前只是大胆的假设，还需要小心的求证。</p>
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