《大學》“絜矩之道”臆說
<p><b style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(248, 236, 216);"><font size="4" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27px;"> 《大学》：“上老老而民兴孝，上长长而民兴弟，上恤孤而民不倍，是以君子有絜矩之道也。”</font></b></p><p><b style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(248, 236, 216);"><font size="4" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27px;"> 郑玄注：“絜，犹结也，挈也；矩，法也。君子有挈法之道，谓常执而行之，动作不失之。”</font></b><b style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(248, 236, 216);"><font size="4" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27px;">朱熹《章句》：“</font></b><span style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: large; font-weight: bold; line-height: 27px;">絜，度也。矩，所以为方也。”</span></p>
<p><b style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(248, 236, 216);"><font size="4" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27px;"> 一般解釋是：絜矩：儒家伦理思想。“絜”是量度的意思，“矩”是制作方形的工具。象征道德上的示范作用。（2009《辞海》五卷本）</font></b></p>
<p><b style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(248, 236, 216);"><font size="4" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27px;"> </font></b></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: large; font-weight: bold; line-height: 27px;"> 【今按】：仔細體味二種古代注解，朱熹的說法顯然不大通。矩有“法度”之義，無煩再去“度（度量）”。鄭玄注提到“</span><b style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(248, 236, 216);"><font size="4" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27px;">挈”，從後面的“</font></b><b style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(248, 236, 216);"><font size="4" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27px;">常执而行之，动作不失之</font></b><b style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(248, 236, 216);"><font size="4" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27px;">”來看，或是想解釋爲持拿、携帶之義，然意義終不大顯明。</font></b></p>
<p><b style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(248, 236, 216);"><font size="4" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27px;"> “</font></b><b style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(248, 236, 216);"><font size="4" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27px;">絜矩”很可能就應該讀爲“契矩”。契，契合、符合；矩，法度。“契矩”即一言一行符合法度，不逾矩，故能有示範作用。</font></b></p>
<p><b style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(248, 236, 216);"><font size="4" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27px;"> 古人有所謂</font></b><b style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(248, 236, 216);"><font size="4" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27px;">“</font></b><span style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: large; font-weight: bold; line-height: 27px;">契繩”及</span><b style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(248, 236, 216);"><font size="4" style="word-wrap: normal; word-break: normal; line-height: 27px;">“</font></b><span style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: large; font-weight: bold; line-height: 27px;">契繩矩”之成詞，似可與此互證。</span></p>
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<p><span style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: large; font-weight: bold; line-height: 27px;"> （1）《東觀餘論》卷下《</span><span style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: large; font-weight: bold; line-height: 27px;">跋白傅書後》：</span></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: large; font-weight: bold; line-height: 27px;"> 樂天書不名世，然投筆皆<span style="text-decoration: underline;">契繩矩</span>，時有佳趣。乃知唐士（一作世）書學之盛如此。乙酉嵗閏月八日書。</span></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: large; font-weight: bold; line-height: 27px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: large; font-weight: bold; line-height: 27px;">（2）</span><span style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: large; font-weight: bold; line-height: 27px;">《宋百家詩存》卷三《</span><span style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: large; font-weight: bold; line-height: 27px;">藤蘿》：</span></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: large; font-weight: bold; line-height: 27px;"> 虺蔓相結盤，虬梢互回曲。紛若未<span style="text-decoration: underline;">契繩</span>，繁如已綸綍。</span></p>
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<p><span style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: simsun; font-size: large; font-weight: bold; line-height: 27px;"> </span></p>
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</p> 《大學》注解多不勝數，未能盡數蒐輯，不知可有前人曾說過？僅從網絡上搜查了一下，發現除了幾位是打字錯誤之外，好像還沒有將“絜矩之道”讀爲“契矩之道”者？
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