清華簡《說命上》“赤孚之戎”傳說來源管窺
<p><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">清華簡《說命上》“赤孚之戎”傳說來源管窺</span></b></p><p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:28.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:150%;vertical-align:middle"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">清華大學藏戰國竹簡（叁）《說命上》第<span lang="EN-US">4-6</span>簡簡文原整理者釋讀爲：<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:28.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:仿宋;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW">佚仲是生子<span style="letter-spacing:
1.0pt">，</span>生二戊<span style="letter-spacing:1.0pt">（</span>牡<span style="letter-spacing:1.0pt">）</span>豕<span style="letter-spacing:1.0pt">。</span>佚仲卜曰：“我其殺之”，“我其【</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:仿宋;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW">4</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋;mso-fareast-language:
ZH-TW">】已，勿殺”。勿殺是吉<span style="letter-spacing:1.0pt">。</span>佚仲違卜<span style="letter-spacing:1.0pt">，</span>乃殺一豕<span style="letter-spacing:1.0pt">。</span>說于</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;
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ZH-TW">（圍）伐佚仲<span style="letter-spacing:1.0pt">，</span>一豕乃</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;
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ZH-TW">（旋）保以逝，廼踐，邑【</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋;letter-spacing:1.0pt;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW">5</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋;letter-spacing:1.0pt;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW">】</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW">人皆從，<span style="letter-spacing:1.0pt">一豕</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋;letter-spacing:
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1.0pt;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW">（隨）仲</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋;mso-fareast-language:
ZH-TW">之自行，是爲赤（赦）</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW"><!--><v:shape
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ZH-TW">（俘）之戎<span style="letter-spacing:1.0pt">。</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:仿宋;letter-spacing:1.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:32.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:
仿宋;letter-spacing:1.0pt">後多有人指出此段當是說“</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋;mso-fareast-language:
ZH-TW">赤</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW"><!--><v:shape
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ZH-TW">之戎</span></b><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:仿宋">”的來源的，說當可信。——其實，如果見過對“犬戎”來源的記載的話，這段話就相對容易理解了。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:28.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">《史记·匈奴列传》：</span></b><span class="body1"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;
color:#0000A0">其後百有馀岁，周西伯昌伐畎夷氏。【</span></b></span><span class="body1"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;
color:#FF80C0">○</span></b></span><span class="body1"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#FF80C0">索隐韦昭云：<span lang="EN-US">“</span>春秋以为犬戎。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>按：畎音犬。大颜云<span lang="EN-US">“</span>即昆夷也<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。山海经云<span lang="EN-US">“</span>黄帝生苗龙，苗龙生融吾，融吾生弄明，弄明生白犬。白犬有二牡，是为犬戎<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。说文云<span lang="EN-US">“</span>赤狄本犬种，字从犬<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。又山海经云<span lang="EN-US">“</span>有人面兽身，名曰犬夷<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。贾逵云<span lang="EN-US">“</span>犬夷，戎之别种也<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。】<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:28.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">《山海經·大荒北經》云：</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:28.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">大荒之中，有山名曰融父山，順水入焉。有人名曰犬戎。黃帝生苗龍，苗龍生融吾，融吾生弄明，弄明生白犬，白犬有牝牡，是爲犬戎，肉食。有赤獸，馬狀無首，名曰戎宣王尸。”</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:28.1pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">二者相對應的文字，一作“</span></b><span class="body1"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;
color:#FF80C0">白犬有二牡</span></b></span><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”，一作“白犬有牝牡”。至顔師古注《汉书·匈奴传》，則成“白犬有二牝牡”。三者相較，再結合清華簡“</span></b><b><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:仿宋;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW">生二戊<span style="letter-spacing:1.0pt">（</span>牡<span style="letter-spacing:1.0pt">）</span>豕</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”的記載，懷疑當以作“二牡”爲是。</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</p> <p> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;"> 清華簡說“赤俘之戎”的來源，編排其始祖是刀口下逃生的“一豕”，與傳世典籍記載“犬戎”是“白犬”之“二牡”類似，皆謂戎夷爲犬豕之後裔也。今駡人猶言猪狗不如，則此語由來遠矣。</span></p>
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