海天 发表于 2012-1-9 22:08

由《繫年》重新認識幾個楚文字

<div class="ForumPostTitle"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">由《繫年》重新認識幾個楚文字</font></div>
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<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">(一)</font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">《繫年》45「晉人以不憖」,「憖」作<img width="32" height="56" ?="" src="http://www.gwz.fudan.edu.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/luntan/2012/01/09/20120109140435001.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">,與《包山》15反<img border="0" width="31" height="50" ?="" src="http://www.gwz.fudan.edu.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/luntan/2012/01/09/20120109140435002.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">相比,多一「臼」旁,可以證明《包山》簡16<img border="0" width="54" height="84" ?="" src="http://www.gwz.fudan.edu.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/luntan/2012/01/09/20120109140436003.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">就是「憖」字,「心」旁省減了。又「來」旁可以參考<img border="0" width="30" height="50" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207867.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">(<img border="0" width="15" height="15" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207488.gif" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">(理),《尊德義》39)。此字學者有很多說法,如湖北省荊沙鐵路考古隊編《包山楚簡》:隸作從「<img border="0" width="21" height="19" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207213.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">」從「臼」,考釋云:讀如「隊」。《廣雅.釋詁二》:「隊,陳也。」(北京:文物出版社,1991年10月),頁41。 李零《包山楚簡研究(文書類)》:從原釋文解為「不遂」。(《李零自選集》,桂林:廣西師範大學出版社,1998年2月),頁136。史傑鵬《包山楚簡研究四則》:此字從「<img border="0" width="20" height="21" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207288.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">」得聲,和15號簡反面的「憖」可能是通假字。(湖北民族學院學報(哲學社會科學版),2005年,第3期),頁117。《十四種》11頁以為不識字,《楚文字編》609-610頁「憖」下也未收此字。只有劉信芳先生《從<img border="0" width="24" height="24" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207781.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">之字彙釋》:視為簡15反「憖」之異體,說「不憖」為古代常用語,《詩.小雅.十月之交》:「不憖遺一老。」鄭玄箋:「憖者,心不欲自強之辭也。」平輿令薛君碑:「不憖遺君」。《國語.楚語上》:「下穀雖不能用,吾憖置之於耳。」韋昭注:「憖,猶願也。」「不憖新造尹」,意謂不願再勉強新造尹斷案。(廣州東莞:《紀念容庚先生百年誕辰暨中國古文字學國際學術研討會論文》,1994年8月),頁616。現在看來是有道理的。</font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">(二)</font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">《語叢二》19<img border="0" alt="~生於及(急)" width="32" height="53" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207265.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">,《十四種》252頁以為不識字,裘錫圭先生以為聲旁同石經春秋「踐」土的「踐」,可隸作「人&#43;戔」,《古研》22輯 頁225。簡44「<img border="0" width="22" height="21" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207060.gif" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">(盟)者(諸)侯於<img border="0" width="20" height="21" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207005.gif" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">(踐)土」,「踐」作<img border="0" width="29" height="44" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207482.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">,其下端比較特別,可以證明《語叢二》19<img border="0" alt="~生於及(急)" width="32" height="53" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207728.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">確實就是在楚簡中用為「察」、「湣埂ⅰ父`」三字的聲旁,裘錫圭先生的說法是對的,且正好<img border="0" width="29" height="44" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207618.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">正是「踐土」的「踐」。附帶一提,《志書乃言》簡1「<img style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle" border="0" width="31" height="67" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207559.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">」,原整理者以爲“對”字。讀書會指出此字除去“又”的部分,可與楚文字中用爲“察”“竊”“湣敝帧ⅰ皩Α弊帧ⅰ皟W”字、“辡”字等所从聯繫起來。謹按:此說無疑是對的,不過似乎不用強調除去“又”的部分,《志書乃言》的字形可以比對《五行》13<img border="0" width="27" height="50" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207914.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">的右旁、虎溪山漢簡《閻氏五勝》「<img style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle" border="0" width="25" height="25" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207790.gif" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">」作<img style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle" border="0" width="31" height="31" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207399.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">(參看復旦集刊3輯)。或是<img border="0" width="31" height="64" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207171.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">(《上博六‧用曰》簡20)<img border="0" width="32" height="50" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207659.gif" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">(《郭店‧語叢一》68)<img border="0" width="39" height="40" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207504.gif" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">(《包山》183)、<img border="0" width="61" height="64" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207374.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">(《珍秦齋藏印‧戰國篇》140號)、<img border="0" width="29" height="37" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207030.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">(《包山》145)、<img border="0" alt="~(察)後〇(伺)昃(側)" width="39" height="39" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207325.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">(《上博五‧融師有成》簡6)等字的「廾」省為「又」。</font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">(三)</font></p>
<font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">  《成王既邦》簡9「<img border="0" width="18" height="18" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207990.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);"><img border="0" width="28" height="61" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207821.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">明之惪(德)亓(其)<img border="0" width="18" height="18" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207884.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">(世)也<img style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle" border="0" alt="*" width="19" height="19" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207419.gif" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">」,整理者、讀書會皆釋為「市」,筆者曾以為是「<img border="0" width="22" height="23" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207974.gif" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">」,讀為「皇明」。後改從「市」之說,讀為「至」。《繫年》47「市」作<img border="0" width="39" height="48" ?="" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/09/21/20150921145207337.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);">,可以證明釋為「市」沒有問題。</font></div>

昨非 发表于 2012-1-10 02:14

<font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">咱也續續貂——<br>
《左塚漆梮》有下面倆字兒:<br>
</font>
<div class="upfilea"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><img onload="javascript:DrawImage(this);" border="0" alt="46×32" width="46" height="32" src="http://www.gwz.fudan.edu.cn/UpFile/UpAttachment/2012-1/201219180472ex2y8-hyz7a-t5f-5whoonr.jpg" onmousewheel="return bbimg(this);"></font></div>
<br>
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<font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">【黃鳳春、劉國勝】釋為:菆(取)(察)(參朱曉雪《左塚漆梮文字匯釋》,http://www.gwz.fudan.edu.cn/SrcShow.asp?Src_ID=970)<br>
學者無異辭,現在據《清華簡貳》簡54有個從叢從辵的字兒,可知《左塚》“菆(取)”下一字,不應該釋為“(察)”,當釋為“叢”。</font>
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