“神荼”、“鬱壘”考——兼释隋唐文献中的“所由”一词

梁园客 发表于 2019-2-18 18:00

“神荼”、“鬱壘”考——兼释隋唐文献中的“所由”一词

<span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“神荼”、“鬱壘”考<o:p></o:p>

<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">         <span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">——兼释隋唐文献中的“所由”一词<o:p></o:p>

<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><o:p> </o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“神荼”與“鬱壘”为上古时二镇鬼门神，关于二神的名称来历，众说纷纭。笔者谈谈自己的看法，欢迎大家批评、指导。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“上古之時，有神荼與鬱壘昆弟二人，性能執鬼，度朔山上章桃樹下簡閱百鬼。鬼無道理，妄為人禍害，荼與鬱壘縳以葦索，執以食虎。”
（《风俗通义<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">祀典》引《黃帝書》）<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“滄海之中，有度朔之山，上有大桃木，其屈蟠三千里，其枝間東北曰鬼門，萬鬼所出入也。上有二神人，一曰神荼，一曰鬱壘，主閱領萬鬼。惡害之鬼，執以葦索，而以食虎。”
（《論衡<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">訂鬼》引《山海經》）<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">由东汉时的引文可知，神荼、鬱壘实际为荼和鬱壘。根据引文《黃帝書》、《山海經》，此种传说（见于文献）最早应为战国中后期到西汉初期。二神的名称由来，纯粹是古代神话传说在民间流传中产生的，笔者试着从这两个词的音、义方面进行一下探讨。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">荼，从余声（《说文》）。塗，塞也（杨雄《剧秦美新》“塗民耳目”张铣注）。塞，遏也(《吕氏春秋<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">论人》：“不可塞也”高诱注)。遏，抑制、遏制也。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">汙，一曰涂也（《说文》）。涂，假借为污（《说文通训定声》）；涂，假借为杇（《说文通训定声》引《说文》：杇，所以涂也）。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">于、於二字为古今字（说文段注）。淤，漫也（文选《上林赋》李善注引张揖曰）；漫，污也（《楚辞》王逸注）；漫，亦汙也（王念孙《读书杂志》）。曼，延也（汉书颜注）。漫、淤、涂、污（汙）实为一词，有涂染、染漫、漫延的意思。而蔓延（漫延）义与逆义相因（详见后文）。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">所以，“荼”有逆、抑义。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">再来看看“鬱”字。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">抑鬱，为同义复合词，又写为鬱抑、邑鬱、悒鬱、悒於、於邑等。 <o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">動<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">而<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">見<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">尤，欲益反<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">損<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">，是以抑<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">鬱<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">而<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">無誰語<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">。”（<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">《<a href="http://www.guoxuedashi.com/a/14n/" target="_blank">北史</a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">文苑<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">傳<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">序》）<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“道<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">轗軻<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">而未遇，志<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">鬱<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">抑而不申。” （《<a href="http://www.guoxuedashi.com/a/2p/" target="_blank">漢書</a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">司<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">馬遷傳<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">》）<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“嗟<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">魯<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">公之慷慨，<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">聞<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">楚<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">聲<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">而悒於。”<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">（<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">唐<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">高<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">適<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">《<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">東<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">征<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">賦<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">》）<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“昭既在散位，心微悒<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">鬱<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">，而有怨逢吉之言。”（《<a href="http://www.guoxuedashi.com/a/17j/" target="_blank">舊唐書</a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">裴度<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">傳<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">》）<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">忳<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">邑<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">鬱<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">余<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">侘<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">傺兮<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">”（《<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">離騷<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">》）<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“傷太息之愍憐兮，氣於邑而不可止。”<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">（ 《<a href="http://www.guoxuedashi.com/a/902r/" target="_blank">楚辭</a>•九章•悲回風》）<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">菸，鬱也（《说文》）。邑，或为予（《礼记<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">缁衣》：“见于西邑夏”郑玄注）。余、予古今字（《礼记<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">曲礼》：“予一人”郑玄注）。予作于（《诗经<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">雨无正》：“维曰予仕”注疏本予作于）。由于于、余、予、於音近通，所以，抑鬱、邑鬱、悒於等皆为同音义复合词。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">鬱，积聚、郁积、淤积等义，由抑、逆义引申而来（因压抑、抑制而淤积不能散发）。鬱陶（陶鬱）为同义复合词。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“鬱陶乎予心，顏厚有忸怩。”（<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">《<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">書<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">五子之歌》）<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“戚溽暑之陶鬱兮，余安能乎留斯？”（<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">晉<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">·<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">摯<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">虞<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">《思游<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">賦<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">》） <o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">匋，史篇以匋为缶，古文假借也（《说文》段注）。所以，匋，从缶声（《古文字诂林》）。缶，从午声（《古文字诂林》）。午声字有逆义，忤，逆也。鬱，从缶，应该也是有逆义原因。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">以上分析可以看出，“荼”和“鬱”音义皆近。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">余、予、吾、朕、卬、台、己等字皆表示第一人称代词“我”，具体分析如下：<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">余、予二字分析已见上文。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">朕、卬：<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">迎，从卬声。迎，作逆（《谷梁春秋》释文）；逆，迎也（《尔雅》）<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">抑，作卬（《诗经*齐风*猗嗟》：“抑若扬兮”，韩诗作卬若扬兮）。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">㑞<span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">，送也（说文）、与媵同（玉篇）、今之媵字（说文段注）；送，从<span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">㑞<span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">省（说文）。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">逆，迎也（说文），与迎字互通，但也作送（《春秋<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">庄公元年》："单伯逆王姬“，释文左氏作”送王姬“），又假借为斥（《说文通训定声》）。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">将，送也（《诗经<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">召南<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">鹊巢》：”百两将之“毛传）。将，犹抑也（《经传释词》、《经词衍释》）；抑，犹将也（《经词衍释》）。抑，作卬（《诗经<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">齐风<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">猗嗟》：“抑若扬兮”，韩诗作卬若扬兮）。将，应该是假借为迎，二字声母皆为喉牙音，韵母为阳部。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">将迎，为同音义复合词,可训为迎接，《汉语大词典》：<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“桓王才武，弱冠承業，招百越之士，奮鷹揚之勢，西赴許都，將迎幼主，雖元勳未終，然至忠已著。”
（晋张悛《为吴令谢询求为诸孙置守冢人表》）<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“解慍風來如故舊，催詩雨作要將迎。”
（宋<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">·<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">范成大《次<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">韻許<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">季韶水<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">鄉<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">席上》）<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">所以，迎、送二字皆有”逆“义，引申为送与迎，送与迎意思相因，后来分化使用。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">台：<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">始，从台声。始，朔也（《太玄<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">玄莹》：“凡十有二始“范望注）。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">朔，月一日始苏也，从声（《说文》），始也（《广雅》）。朔，就是月终又复初始的意思，所以有逆义。溯，逆流而上（《尔雅》），又作泝（文选《七哀诗》：”方舟溯大江“，五臣本作泝）。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">吾：<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">从五声。五、午一字，古音义皆同（孙贻让《周礼正义》），午声字有逆义，忤，逆也。吾假借为御（说文通训定声），禦也（《后汉书<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">光武帝本纪》：“执金吾“李贤注）。御，抵御也，有逆义。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">己：<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">己者，抑屈起（《白虎通义》）。己者，抑詘而起（《尔雅》毕沅疏证引苏與曰）。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">所以，“吾”、“余”等第一人称代词都是由逆斥义引申而来，第一人称代词在用语中是叙述者（说话者）向他人叙述时指自己的用词，面对他人而言自己就有反向、向内的意思，所以文献中有“反身而诚”、“自反”等用语。反有逆义。反，逆于理（《庄子<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">外物》：“反无非伤也”释文）。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">再来看看“斥逆”义。斥，候也（《左传》杜注），候，伺望也、伺候、斥候（《墨子》孙贻让间沽引苏云）。禦，抵御、禁止也，通作衙（《经籍纂诂》）（衙，从吾声），衙将（又作牙将）就是抵御外敌、护卫的武将。柝，戒守者所击也（《周礼》郑玄注》），《周易》有“重门击柝”，就是警戒的意思，守夜者、看门人。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">所以，这些词都是由“斥逆”义引申为表示警戒、伺候、抵御、护卫等义。因此，“荼”和“鬱壘”也是这个意思，作为门神起警戒看护、镇压鬼邪等作用。“荼”和“鬱”音义皆近，上面已经说到，那么“壘”字有没有这个意思呢？结论是肯定的。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">壘，即累。古籍有“累牛、腾马”。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">《<a href="http://www.guoxuedashi.com/a/509x/" target="_blank">吕氏春秋</a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">季春》：“是月也，乃合累牛、腾马，游牝于牧。”高诱注：“腾马，父马也。”陈奇猷校释引王引之曰：“累牛、腾马皆牡也，与游牝正相对。”<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">蒸，淫也（《广雅》），上淫曰蒸（文选《辩命论》：“以蒸报为仁义”李善注引《小尔雅》）。蒸、腾、累，在这里的意思是一样的，就是男人（雄性动物）对女人（雌性动物）的性交行为，这个意思是由斥逆义引申而来的。即雄性生殖器刺入雌性生殖器之意。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">斥、刺为锡铎旁转，音义近。刺探，谓候伺也（《后汉书》李贤注）；斥，候也（见上文）。敇，从朿声。敇，或作赦（《集韵》）。螫，蜂蠆行毒螫人也。蜂蠆尾部有刺，可以螫人，所以螫人就是刺人。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">腾，从朕声。所以腾有斥逆义（见上“朕”字义）。蒸，或作媵（《易*小过》王弼注：“蒸而为雨”释文），媵，也从朕声。媵，送也，送女从嫁，所以从嫁之女为媵。迎、送二字皆有逆义（见上文）。蒸、腾音义近，皆有斥逆义。蒸，气上貌（《文选》李善注），也是逆义。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">下面再分析下“累”字。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">累牛、腾马并言，所以，累、腾在这里同义。古籍有“藤蔂”一词，藤，藟也（《玉篇》）；蔓莚之类，吴越谓之藤（《慧琳音义》注引《考声》）；今江东呼櫐为滕（《尔雅》郭璞注）。藟，葛属，葛蔓也（《汉书》颜注）。诗经有“莫莫葛藟”。葛，从曷声。葛，蔓草也（《玉篇》），蔓延之草（《逸周书》朱右曾集训）。遏，从曷声。抑，遏也（《史记》司马贞索隐）。所以，遏有逆斥义。则葛、藤、藟皆由逆斥义引申为蔓延之义。历来训诂皆蒙蔽于葛蔓、藤藟的缠绕之义，其实蔓延义才是这类草的本义。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">腾累、藤藟，实为一词（腾、藤皆从朕声，累、藟皆从畾声），所以，“累”也有斥逆义。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">磊，亦作磥、礧（《说文通训定声》），二字音近通。磊，应从石声（按：一般文字中两个以上的文字并列在一起组成的字，皆以该文字为声旁。如朿、棘，棘从朿声；鹿、麤，麤从鹿声）（见《古文字诂林》）。磊从石声，石声字与斥声字音近通，皆为铎部字。拓、斥并与祏通（王念孙《广雅疏证》），拓、斥都有开拓、广远之意。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">王利器《風俗通義校注》中提到“荼”和“鬱壘”二神名的许多异文，如引俞正燮《癸巳存稿十三》：<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“漢蔡邕獨斷云：歲竟，畫荼壘，并懸葦索以禦凶。晉司馬彪續漢書禮儀志云：大儺訖，設桃梗、鬱儡。”《玉燭寶典一》引《括地圖》：“下有二神，一名鬱，一名壘。《玄中記》又謂二神“左名隆，右名〈上穴下叐〉。”<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">荼和壘、鬱和儡、隆和〈上穴下叐〉都是历来记载的异文，其中荼、壘、鬱的分析已见上，皆有逆斥义。现在分析一下隆和〈上穴下叐〉。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“隆”，这里应读为“逢”（隆、降二字音近，古籍多互相假借。逄、逢二字古籍也多互通，或是因冬、东部音近通假，或是因形近而误），通过隆—降—逄—逢的辗转讹误所致。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">另外，隆、逢二字也具备音义相近的条件。隆，豐大也（《说文》），豐也（《广韵》）；逢，假借为豐（《说文通训定声》），逢、与豐古字通（王念孙《读书杂志》）。隆隆，雷声也（《汉书》颜注）；逢逢，鼓声也（《诗经》：“鼍鼓逢逢”释文），古籍形容雷声、鼓声每同，如鼓声填填、雷声填填。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“雷填填兮雨冥冥，猿啾啾兮又夜鸣。”
（《<a href="http://www.guoxuedashi.com/a/902r/" target="_blank">楚辞</a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">九歌<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">·<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">山鬼》）<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“匪敬伊慕，备物不愆。设虡设业，鞀鼓填填。”
（《<a href="http://www.guoxuedashi.com/a/16o/" target="_blank">隋书</a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">•<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">音乐志中》）<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">逢，逆也（《尔雅》），迎也（《方言》）。所以逢也有逆斥义。上面说的蜂螫人，蜂、逢皆从夆声，蜂尾部有刺故名之。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">〈上穴下叐〉，叐即犮。犮声字和孛声字多通用。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">炦，字亦作土孛（《说文通训定声》）。悖，犹逆也（《礼记》郑注）。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">炦，气上也（《玉篇》）；勃，奋起而上也（王引之《经义述闻》）；蒸，气上貌（见上文）。这个义项是由逆义引申而来。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">拔，龙葛(《尔雅》)，似葛，蔓生，（《尔雅》郭璞注）。拔、葛皆为月部字，所以拔、葛、藤、藟皆为一类草（见上文），皆取于逆斥义。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">孛、彗星也（《玉篇》、《公羊传》），孛之状光芒四射如草木枝叶旁出，彗之状光长如帚（《说文通训定声》）。合说则孛、彗同，分说则孛星是向四方辐射、逆射，彗星是想向一方逆射，共同点就是都有向外逆射义。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">因此，〈上穴下叐〉，这个字应该是读犮声，有逆斥义。另外还有“蓬勃”一词，是同义复合词。二神左名隆，右名〈上穴下叐〉，就是“蓬、勃”。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">还有《文选》宋玉《风赋》有“勃鬱烦冤”，“勃鬱”也是同义复合词。也可证鬱、〈上穴下叐〉同义。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">综上所述，“荼”和“鬱壘”（包括异文隆、〈上穴下叐〉）二门神名称的意思，正如历史文献中的金吾、衙将、虞候、击柝、斥候等，都是取警戒、伺候、抵御、护卫、守门等义，其本义皆出于逆斥义。（虞候，说文段注：“驺虞，山海经、墨子作驺吾，皆同音假借字也。”则虞、吾通，所以“虞候”也是斥逆义引申而来。）<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">隋唐以来文献中有个词“所由”，历来解释很多，但都没有真正理解这个词的本义。其实“所由”和“荼”、
“鬱壘”等词意思完全一样，就是负责警戒、护卫、执法等的卫士、随从，这从文献的用例可以看出来。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">无畏三藏自天竺至，所由引谒，上见而敬信焉。上谓三藏曰：<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">师自远而来，困倦，欲于何方休息耶！<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">”<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">（《开天传信记》唐<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">·<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">郑綮）<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">入朝及退朝不从正衙出入；非公事入中书等：每犯夺一月俸。班列不肃，所由指摘，犹或饰非，即具闻奏贬责。（《<a href="http://www.guoxuedashi.com/a/201k/" target="_blank">旧唐书</a>》顺宗<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><a href="http://www.guoxuedashi.com/a/201k/3511x.html" target="_blank">本纪</a> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">）<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">敕：<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">比有无良之人，于街市投匿名文书，及于箭上或旗幡上纵为奸言，以乱国法。此后所由切加捉搦，如获此色，便仰焚瘗，不得上闻。<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">”<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">（《<a href="http://www.guoxuedashi.com/a/201k/" target="_blank">旧唐书</a>》）<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">诏留光远为京兆尹……光远以为贼且逃矣，命所由守神威孝哲宅。（《<a href="http://www.guoxuedashi.com/a/201k/" target="_blank">旧唐书</a>》）<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">君召万年捕贼官李铭，使促求访。李尉伫立思之，曰：<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">得必矣。<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">”<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">出召干事所由，春明门外数里内，应有诸司旧职事伎艺人，悉搜罗之，而绿衣果在其中。（《<a href="http://www.guoxuedashi.com/a/1254w/" target="_blank">唐语林</a>》）<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">许、所二字古籍多通。许，作所（《诗经》：“伐木许许”，《说文》引作“伐木所所”）。许与所，声近而义同（王念孙《读书杂志》）。许，从午声。午声字有逆义（见上文）。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">缶、由为一字（《古文字诂林》“<span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">䍃<span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">”字条），缶，从午声，有逆义（见上文）。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">所以，所由，为同音义复合词，由斥逆义引申为指警戒、护卫、执法等的卫士、随从。<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 32.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">另外，隋唐文献里有的“所由”、或“所由官”、“所由吏”等，并不是这个意思，而是“由某某负责”的意思，如<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-indent: 28.8pt; line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">判度支赵赞巧法聚敛，终不能给。至是又税屋，所由吏秉笔持算，入人庐舍而抄计，峻法绳之，愁叹之声，遍于天下。（《<a href="http://www.guoxuedashi.com/a/201k/" target="_blank">旧唐书</a>》<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">德宗<a href="http://www.guoxuedashi.com/a/201k/3509w.html" target="_blank">本纪</a> ）<o:p></o:p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><o:p> </o:p>

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出土文献与古文字研究学术论坛's Archiver

“神荼”、“鬱壘”考——兼释隋唐文献中的“所由”一词