請看北大藏秦竹、木牘《酒令》中的如下幾個字(《北京大學學報(哲學社會科學版)》2015年第2期第18頁插圖):
A、 B、 C、 D、 E、![](data:image/png;base64,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)
首字顯然是上从“旬”下从羽的,B是“入”字,C是“死”字,D是“巴”字。字形皆甚簡單,容易釋讀。E字比較麻煩,詳後。
A見於木牘二,謂“心不~=,從野草斿(遊)”,顯然即應讀爲同从“旬”聲之“惸”,其字亦作“憌、𢗋”等。《詩·小雅·正月》:“憂心惸惸,念我無祿。”毛傳:“惸惸,憂意也。”
B見於木牘一,謂“請入一桮”,“入”可讀爲“納”,句意爲“請求(讓我向您)進納一桮(酒)”,“桮”是名詞,“請”是向對方請求,跟“請客”、“請人喝酒”之“請”尚略有不同。
C、D、E諸字皆見於竹牘。此篇的解釋較爲麻煩。全文如下:
東菜(採)涇桑,可以食(飤)蠶。愛般適然,般獨安湛。會(?)般巴叔(菽),㱃(飲)子湛。寜見子死,不見□□。黃黃鳥虖(乎), (萃)吾蘭林。
“巴菽”即巴豆,《論衡·言毒篇》謂:“草木之中,有巴豆、野葛,食之湊懣,頗多殺人。”巴菽/巴豆能殺人,古醫書中亦多見。此處言“巴菽”本覺突兀,但聯繫下文“寜見子死”之“死”字來看,恐難有他解。所謂“會”字整理者原釋爲“食”,但其形跟同版“食”字( )寫法不同,而更近於“會”。麻煩的是後文“不見”之下兩字皆殘甚難識,此處前後文意仍感甚難貫通,此所謂“會”字究竟如何講落實亦尚待研究。
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