《契文解构》：亡（并及：卜，乚，匃，示，昜）
<div style="LAYOUT-GRID:15.6pt none"><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span></b> </p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"> </p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="COLOR: black"><img height="207" width="321" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2016/11/11/20161111195824852001.png"></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 15pt 0pt 0cm; VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">甲骨文亡从卜从乚（隱）会意，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">以乚作为卜兆（裂纹）的界止，以寓不显没了之谊。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 15pt 0pt 0cm; VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">卜辞当中两段卜辞之间多刻划有界画线以作为结束分割之用，其形式除横竖直线段以外，还有就是横竖曲折的类</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">乚形的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">界画线。此即</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">乚形</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">界止之实用。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 15pt 0pt 45pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><img height="350" width="157" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2016/11/11/20161111195824773002.jpg"></span></p>
<p style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%">《说文》释亡：逃也。亡从入从乚。<span style="BACKGROUND: white">武方切</span></span></p>
<p style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 3pt 3.1pt 3pt 3pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%">段注：<span style="BACKGROUND: white">从入乚會意，謂入於隱蔽之處也。</span></span></p>
<p style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 3pt 3.1pt 3pt 3pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><img id="_x0000_i1028" style="WIDTH: 50px; HEIGHT: 51px" height="288" width="288" src="http://pic.zdic.net/xz/swpic/4EBE_92.png"></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%">篆书亡</span></p>
<p style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 3pt 3.1pt 3pt 3pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%">按：甲骨文亡构成当中的卜形，后世字形伪变为入形。乚古文隱。</span></p>
<p style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 3pt 3.1pt 3pt 3pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span> </span></span></p>
<p style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%">《说文》释<span style="BACKGROUND: white">隱</span>：<span style="BACKGROUND: white">蔽也。於謹切</span></span></p>
<p style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 3pt 3.1pt 3pt 3pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%">段注：<span style="BACKGROUND: white">艸部曰蔽茀，小皃也。小則不可見。</span></span></p>
<p style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 3pt 3.1pt 3pt 3pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span> </span></span></p>
<p style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 3pt 3.1pt 3pt 3pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%">《说文》释逃：亡也。逃<span style="BACKGROUND: white">从辵，兆聲。徒刀切</span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 15pt 0pt 45pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">按：辵兆会意，以寓卜兆之行迹。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 15pt 0pt 45pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span> </p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 15pt 0pt 0cm; VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><img height="54" width="55" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2016/11/11/20161111195824570003.png"></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 15pt 0pt 0cm; VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span> </p>
<p style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%">《说文》释兆：灼龜坼也。<span style="BACKGROUND: white">治小切</span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">按：古人灼龟甲使其开裂，形成卜形裂纹，作为判断预测事物凶吉的征兆。除烧灼甲骨形成卜形裂纹以外，考古研究者还发现，商代占卜用甲骨当中，有很多卜兆裂纹皆有用刀重新刻划的现象存在。这就涉及到甲骨文当中另一个以刀亡会意的字形。</span></p>
<p style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><img height="127" width="72" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2016/11/11/20161111195824274004.jpg"></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%">甲骨文匃</span></p>
<p style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%">《说文》释匃：<span style="BACKGROUND: white">气也。逯安說：亡人爲匄。古代切</span></span></p>
<p style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 3pt 3.1pt 3pt 3pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><img id="_x0000_i1032" style="WIDTH: 56px; HEIGHT: 46px" height="288" width="288" src="http://pic.zdic.net/xz/swpic/5303_560.png"></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%">篆书匃</span></p>
<p style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> </p>
<p style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%">按：甲骨文匃</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%">构成当中的刀形<span style="BACKGROUND: white">，后世伪变为人形。甲骨文匃从刀从亡会意，即以刀复刻卜兆裂纹，使其行迹明显。气求之意源于此。</span></span></p>
<p style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> </p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 15pt 0pt 0cm; VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">以上这些只是甲骨文字形在商代产生时的具体事实与实际应用当中的一些会意过程情况。除此，我们还要了解或应该弄明白的是，古人产生“灼龟甲使其开裂”行为的动机（即导致此种行为的思想来源）？或者说是什么让古人“灼龟甲使其开裂”的兆纹具有神圣作用与能力？</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 15pt 0pt 0cm; VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><img height="240" width="320" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2016/11/11/20161111195824061005.jpg"></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 15pt 0pt 0cm; VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">我们都知道古人的此种行为很早就有，其产生的时间至少要追溯到仰韶文化之前的先古人时期，中国先古人的“卜”观念或者说“卜”的文字观念，绝不是商人一时的发明，其本质内涵也非今人理解的只是指“烧灼甲骨所形成卜形裂纹”，而是蕴含着某种思想观念的形态构成。这种思想观念，我们可以通过先古人的（以仰韶文化为主）陶器纹饰以及与其一脉相承的甲骨文系统文字的相互认证得以一窥究竟。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 15pt 0pt 0cm; VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><img height="259" width="430" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2016/11/11/20161111195824964006.jpg"></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 15pt 0pt 0cm; VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">简而言之，透过</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">先古人</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">陶器纹饰的发展过程，我们可以了解到</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">先古人</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">将太阳视</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">为万物之母，神圣之主。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">这一思想亦贯穿于文字的原始阶段与文字系统的形成之中，探讨甲骨文初期字形的会意观念及其起源绝不能脱离其“神的思想”观念。而“卜”正是</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">表达太阳光“芒”的观念形态，古人之所以产生占卜的行为来指导其社会生活正是为了体现这种</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“神的思想”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">观念，以此思想认识（神圣权威）来指导人类行为，即神所示也。也就是说“光芒”是其起源之本，“卜兆”之纹只是具体应用之末，即核心思想在前，具体行为在后，是不可以本末倒置的。 </span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 15pt 0pt 0cm; VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><img height="196" width="214" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2016/11/11/20161111195824090007.png"></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 15pt 0pt 0cm; VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">甲骨文一期示字形，写作“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">T</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”，从一在丨上会意，《说文解字》天垂象，見吉凶，所以示人之也。卜辞用为主，即神主。示与卜与士不过是字形位置方向的不同变化形式而已，其源一也。其本义皆来源于天文（阳光观念），即《说文》引用《周易賁彖傳》觀乎天文，以察時變。示，神事也。此可以由陶器纹饰与甲骨文昜字形验证之。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 15pt 0pt 0cm; VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><img height="442" width="282" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2016/11/11/20161111195824813008.jpg"></span></p>
</div> <p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">由此阳光之光线的不同形态，我们进而可以研究探讨占卜灼骨而形成的“兆”纹，是如何来判断凶吉的？</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">比如，是否是斜上为吉，平直为不明，斜下为凶？或相反？</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">再比如，略上或略下为小告，出现一种情况为一告，出现两种情况为二告，出现三种情况为三告？凡此种种皆可查验甲骨统计探明。</span><br>
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