鸤鸠 发表于 2016-11-29 18:49

<p align="justify" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0pt; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; -ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000;"><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><span style="font-size: 12pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">另外,</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">“假”、“果”都表示假設、如果,表示“</span></span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>VP</span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>”的完成、實現,很顯然也是來自“假”之已、終義與“果”之結果、結束義,因為是用在假設條件語句中,故表示假設、如果的語法意義,就由“假”、“果”承擔了;而值得注意的是,“遂”也有表示如果、假設的語法意義(具體參看羅維明:《中古墓誌詞語研究》,暨南大學出版社,2003年4月,第153—155頁),很顯然也來自“遂”的遂成義。“假”、“果”、“遂”表示假設的語法意義,與“</span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">叚</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">/暇</span></span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>”、“果”、“遂”表示能的語法意義可以比較互證。</span></p>
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鸤鸠 发表于 2016-12-5 13:42

<p>回17樓&nbsp; “民乃宜怨”,“宜”仍當從蘇建洲先生理解為虛詞,“乃宜”是兩個虛詞連用, 《太平經》有見;孔家坡日書“屈門:其主必昌富,婦人宜疾”之“宜”,似為必意(蕭旭《古書虛詞旁釋》187頁)。<br>
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鸤鸠 发表于 2016-12-7 08:23

本帖最后由 鸤鸠 于 2017-3-16 22:58 编辑 <br /><br /><p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">補充20、21樓</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《方言》“假,𢓜……至也”,“不遐”很多人理解為不至、不至於,已到了一捅即破的程度。前面說“不遐/暇/叚”實來自“遐”之終、已義,但“VP”達到了終、已,就是至、成了,它們並不矛盾,是對同一實際的不同表述,只不過以“假,至”的詞彙義去理解“不遐”之“遐”更直接易懂而已</span><br>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:24.0000pt;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">《三德》簡</font>22:“〼之</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">疏,未可以遂。君子不慎其德,四荒之內,是帝之關</font>”,其中“遂”顯然亦用免義。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《從政》甲簡</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">3“禮則顧而為仁,教之以刑則逐”,其中所謂“逐”近年被證明可用為“邇”,而不是“逐”(zhu2)字。但簡文有文獻可對讀,與“逐”對應者作“遯”、“免”,或懷疑“逐”是“遂”的誤字(二者楚文字寫法區別在其上兩撇),應該說有其可能性(此馮勝君先生說,見洪颺:《古文字考釋中的通假關係研究》,第180頁)。果真如此,則此“遂”也不必通假作“遯”,理解為免義即可。值得一提的是,从“爾”聲之字可用為“遂”(陳劍:《</span><span style="font-size: 16px;">清華簡〈皇門 〉“[貝貝&#43;爾]”字補説</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">》),而“逐”用作“邇”,這樣看,則“豕”聲的“逐”直接讀作“遂”也不是問題,這樣就不必看成“遂”的誤字了。</span></p>

鸤鸠 发表于 2016-12-12 14:41

本帖最后由 鸤鸠 于 2017-2-21 08:40 编辑 <br /><br /><p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">郭店簡《尊德義》簡1“△忿戾”之“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">△</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">”,都知道其意義範圍,可是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">△表示何詞,則歧說紛紜(參看單育辰《集釋》,後來張新俊也有說,見其《夕陽坡楚簡中的“越濩君”新釋》)。很多學者以為</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">△</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">从“隹”為聲,我們懷疑</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">△是否表示的古漢語中的“遂”這個詞,即李家浩、陳劍所論當免、除講的“遂”,比照“遂其咎”,則“遂忿戾”與“止忌勝”相對,似頗合理。“隹”、“遂”皆物部字,其相通之例見於帛書《繫辭》“聖人詆卦觀象,繫焉而眀吉凶,剛柔相遂而生變化”、“【寒往則暑來,暑往則寒來,寒暑】相誰而歲【成焉】”,帛書《要》篇“六者非【它也,三才之道也。□□□□,剛柔】之相遂而成變”,“相遂”、“相誰”即今本《繫辭》“相推”,是其通假之確證。</span><br>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《子羔》簡</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">8“A諸畎畝之中,而使君天下而稱”,我們考慮A或當讀為“遂”。語音關係可參陳劍先生《〈上博八·顏淵問於孔子〉補釋兩則》(《簡帛》第7輯),幣文地名“武A”即“武遂”(《古幣叢考》頁67—68),尤為其通假的直接證據。</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">簡文</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">“遂”與《禮記·月令》“贊桀俊,遂賢良,舉長大,行爵出祿,必當其位”、《管子·君臣下》“選賢遂材”之“遂”同,用其進、達常訓。《孟子·告子下》:“舜發於畎畝之中,傅說舉於版築之間,膠鬲舉於魚鹽之中,管夷吾舉於士,孫叔敖舉於海,百里奚舉於市”,“遂”即“發”、“舉”也。</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

鸤鸠 发表于 2017-1-18 14:45

本帖最后由 鸤鸠 于 2017-1-30 11:11 编辑 <br /><br /><p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">張新俊文章讀為“却”,其實讀為“護”即可,防護之意。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《季庚子問於孔子》簡4有:“君子恭則述,驕則侮”一句,“述”多讀為“遂”,正確可從,不過不當理解為順遂、遂成,而是遂免之意。“驕則侮”言君子因自身而遭致別人侮之,“驕”、“侮”主體並不全是君子,以往理解多誤。“遂”有免之意,李家浩、陳劍二位先生都有文章討論,此亦其例。《老子》第九章:“富貴而驕,自遺其咎。”《荀子·正論》:“流淫汙僈,犯分亂理,驕暴貪利,是辱之由中出者</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">也,夫是之謂義辱。”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《上博(二)·從政》甲篇簡6:“不恭則無以除辱,不惠則無以聚民。”《論語·陽貨》“恭則不侮”, 《說苑·敬慎》“恭則免於眾”(《孔</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">子家語·賢君》作“恭則遠於患”)皆可與之相參。</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:24.0000pt;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:24.0000pt;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">《凡物流形》甲篇简</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">8“</span><img width="18" height="29" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps1370.tmp.jpg"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">天之明</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">奚</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">得?</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">”首字有可能是“</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">毄</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">”字。古文字中“</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">毄</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">”的形體參看蘇建洲《清華簡〈繫年〉集解》843頁、</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">李春桃《釋</font>“紳”“毄”——從楚帛書“紳”字考釋談起》,清華簡《別卦》簡</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">1也有“繫”,整理者同時指出《凡物流形》甲簡15“</span><img width="16" height="34" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps1381.tmp.jpg"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">於四海</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">”的</span><img width="16" height="34" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps1382.tmp.jpg"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">也是</font>“繫”。這是很正確的。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:24.0000pt;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">《逸周書</font>·作雒解》:“南繫於洛水,北因于郟山。”陳逢衡云:“南繫於洛水者,據《度邑解》云‘自洛汭延及伊汭’,水北曰汭,故曰南繫,猶所謂衣帶水也。”“繫”是連繫、通至、延及的意思。《廣雅·釋詁一》:“繄,至也。”但文獻中“繄”從未見有至意,或以為“繄”當是“繫”之誤字,很有道理。《淮南子·泰族篇》:“曠然而通,昭然而明,天地之閒,无所繫戾,其於以監觀,豈不大哉!”“繫戾”或作“擊戾”,“戾”即《詩·大雅·旱麓》“鳶飛戾天”、《小雅·采芑》“其飛戾天”等之“戾”,訓“至”,“繫</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">/擊</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">”、“戾”近義連用。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:24.0000pt;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">簡文</font>“繫於四海”是說達至、連通、延及於四海,與以往釋讀“</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">通</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">”、“</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">陳</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">”的理解相合。又,“</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">坐而思之,</span><img width="15" height="28" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps1383.tmp.jpg"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">於千里</font>”,</span><img width="15" height="28" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps1393.tmp.jpg"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">或讀為</font>“至”、“際</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">/</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">察</font>”,我們以為可能讀“濟</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">/齊</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">”。《易</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">·繫辭上</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">》:</font>“知周乎萬物,而道濟天下,故不過。”《淮南子</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">·</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">原道》:</font>“淖溺流遁,錯繆相紛而不可靡散,利貫金石,強濟天下,動溶無形之域,而翱翔忽區之上。”高誘注:“濟,通也。”</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:24.0000pt;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">“繫天之明奚得”,似當與下列文獻相參:</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:24.0000pt;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:楷体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font face="楷体">《禮記</font>·中庸》“今夫天,斯昭昭之多,及其無窮也,日月星辰繫焉”</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:楷体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:24.0000pt;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:楷体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font face="楷体">《楚辭</font>·天問》:“日月安屬?列星安陳?”</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:楷体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:24.0000pt;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:楷体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font face="楷体">《周易</font>·離》:“日月麗乎天,百穀草木麗乎土。”</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:楷体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:24.0000pt;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:楷体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font face="楷体">《論衡</font>·說日篇》:“使日月自行,不繫於天,日行一度,月行十三度,</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:楷体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:24.0000pt;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:楷体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="楷体">當日月出時,當進而東旋,何還始西轉?</font>”</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:楷体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:24.0000pt;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:楷体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font face="楷体">又:</font>“日月之行也,繫著於天也。日月附天而行,不直〈自〉行也。”</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:楷体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:24.0000pt;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">“明”當指日月(如,</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">《六韜</font>·發啟》“大明發而萬物皆照”</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">),</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">“繫天之明奚得”是講繫著、繫屬於天的日月是怎樣得到的。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:24.0000pt;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">郭店簡《唐虞之道》有:</font>“</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">禪之</span><img width="17" height="26" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps1394.tmp.jpg"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">,世亡隱德</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">”、“</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">升為天子而不驕,不</span><img width="16" height="26" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps1395.tmp.jpg"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">也</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">”,</span><img width="17" height="26" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps13A6.tmp.jpg"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">、</span><img width="16" height="26" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps13A7.tmp.jpg"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">舊釋紛紜,似都不能同時將兩條簡文講得通適。此二字右邊所从與</font>“</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">毄</font>”所从可能為一,魏宜輝曾分析“</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">毄</font>”的構形是</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">以手束囊</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">物</font>“東”,是“繫”的表意本字。其說很有道理。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:24.0000pt;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><img width="17" height="26" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps13A8.tmp.jpg"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">、</span><img width="16" height="26" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps13A9.tmp.jpg"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">,很多學者就分析為从</font>“東”,我們以為這兩字簡文中可釋讀為“繫”。但“毄</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">/繫</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">”是會意字,“東”與“毄”的字音不直接發生關係,為何這兩字還可能釋為與“毄”有關呢?這“只能說就是戰國文字劇烈省簡成風的表現、並沒有多少道理好講”(陳劍先生語,</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">《簡談〈繫年〉的</font>“</span><img width="16" height="17" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps13B9.tmp.jpg"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">”和楚簡部分“</span><img width="16" height="14" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps13BA.tmp.jpg"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">”字當釋讀爲“捷”》</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">)。典型的例子,如戰國文字</font>“官”可省簡成“</span><img width="12" height="16" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps13BB.tmp.jpg"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">”,《繫年》又以見“</span><img width="12" height="16" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps13BC.tmp.jpg"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">/�</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">”表示“追”。不過此二例稍顯特殊的一點是,並沒直接用簡省“攴”、“糸”後的“東”,而是用簡省後增“水”的“涷”形保持與“</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">毄</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">/</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">繫</font>”語音上的聯繫。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font face="宋体">這樣釋讀,兩條簡文語意都講得十分自然、通適。</font></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">第一條簡文</font>“孝之殺,愛天下之民;禪之繫,世無隱德”,“繫”是接繫、承繫、垂繫、沿繫一類意思,就是連續、不間斷地傳承、接續下去,這與“孝之殺”之“殺”意思是相近似的,“禪之繫,世無隱德”是說如禪讓能不斷傳接下去,世間就不會有賢能被埋沒之士。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:24.0000pt;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">第二條簡文</font>“</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">居草茅之中而不</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">憂,知命也,升為天子而不驕,不繫也</font>”,此“繫”是繫屬、繫著、繫累一類意思。《淮南子》:“情繫於中,行形於外。”《管子</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">·禁藏</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">》:</font>“故主政可往於民,民心可繫於主。”《管子</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">·國蓄</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">》:</font>“故人君挾其食,守其用,據有餘而制不足,故民無不累於上也。”“累”、“繫”意思相近。《淮南子</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">·詮言訓</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">》:</font>“內便於性,外合於義,循理而動,不繫於物者,正氣也。推於滋味,淫於聲色,發於喜怒,不顧後患者,邪氣也。”《</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">詮言訓</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">》又有:</font>“輕天下者,身不累於物,故能處之。”《戰國策</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">·趙策三</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">》:</font>“許由無天下之累,故不受也。”簡文“升為天子而不驕,不繫也”謂升為天子也不驕傲,是因內心本不繫屬、繫著。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:24.0000pt;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">另外,</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">陳侯因</span><img width="16" height="17" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps74FF.tmp.jpg" style="text-indent: 24pt; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">敦</span><img width="25" height="24" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps7510.tmp.jpg" style="text-indent: 24pt; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">(《集成》</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">4649</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">),此字舊多釋</font>“紳”,據《繫年》簡</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">134</span><img width="21" height="30" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps7511.tmp.jpg" style="text-indent: 24pt; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">、《</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">別卦》簡</font>1</span><img width="21" height="34" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps7522.tmp.jpg" style="text-indent: 24pt; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">、《凡物流形》甲簡</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">15</span><img width="16" height="34" src="file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps7523.tmp.jpg" style="text-indent: 24pt; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">三形,很可能當改釋</font>“繫”。銘文云“其唯因齊,揚皇考,紹~高祖黃帝,纂嗣桓文”,“繫”、“繼”音義皆近,可以通假,“紹繫”可讀為“紹繼”。《管子</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">·小匡</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">》:</font>“度義光德,繼法紹終,以遺後嗣。”《後漢書</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">·荀悅傳</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">》:</font>“聖上穆然,惟文之恤,瞻前顧後,是紹是繼。”可見從文例看,釋讀為“繫</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">/</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">繼</font>”也很合適。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:24.0000pt;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:24.0000pt;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;">以上所說不敢言必,僅提出一家之言供批評。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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