鸤鸠 发表于 2016-10-26 18:07

<p style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; vertical-align: middle; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000;"><span style='font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《荀子</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">·勸學篇》“強自取柱,柔自取束”之“柱”,古有異說,自郭店簡兩次出現有關之語後,重新被學者討論。應該說,經陳劍先生解釋之後(《郭店簡補釋三篇》),“柱”非“祝”之借(斷的意思),這點是很清楚的。後來黃甜甜又申補之。</span></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; vertical-align: middle; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000;"><span style='font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">但廖名春先生又提出讀為</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">“斲”(砍斲)的新說(《〈荀子·勸學〉篇“強自取柱,柔自取束”說新釋》),後有學者駁之(楊德春:《廖名春釋“強自取柱”的幾個問題》,此文有一些低級認識)。</span></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; vertical-align: middle; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000;"><span style='font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">按:張家山漢簡《脈書》簡</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">54有:“夫骨者柱殹(也),筋者束殹(也),血者濡殹(也),脈者瀆也,肉者附殹(也),氣者朐殹(也),故骨痛如斲,筋痛如束,血痛如浞,脈痛如流,肉痛如浮,氣[童力]則憂(擾)。”由此不難體會以“柱”作解是正確無疑的。</span></span></p>
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鸤鸠 发表于 2016-10-26 18:40

<p style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; vertical-align: middle; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000;"><span style='font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《緇衣》</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">“刑不試而民咸服”之“服”古今學者皆理解為順服、服從。</span></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; vertical-align: middle; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000;"><span style='font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">郭店簡、上博簡本與之相應的字,馮勝君先生讀為</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">“飭”,此說形、義方面最為合理(《郭店簡與上博簡對比研究》頁72—76),而且後來不斷得到驗證(參看鄔可晶《讀清華簡〈芮良夫毖〉札記三則》,《古文字研究》第30輯;王逸清:《清華簡〈命訓〉中的“勑”字》,《出土文獻》第8輯)。</span></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; vertical-align: middle; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000;"><span style='font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">不過,殊可惜的是,文章中馮先生未提及今本</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">“服”字的解釋。我們揣想,大概馮先生也是以之為“順服”、“服從”作解了。</span></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; vertical-align: middle; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000;"><span style='font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">其實,今本</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">“服”原當作“備”。馮先生所讀“飭”訓為“整治”自然不錯,不過說得具體明白些,就是謹飭自己(而不犯法)。從異文的對照關係看,今本“服”當然是與“飭”相近最好(雖然說“順服”、“服從”也可以講通),而且,郭店《緇衣》簡16、41,上博《緇衣》簡9、21皆以“備”為“服”,一方面有用字習慣的影響,另外“民服”更順,所以此“備”竟也被後人改為了“服”。</span></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; vertical-align: middle; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000;"><span style='font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《廣雅</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">·釋詁二》:“飭,備也。”“備”,又有慎的意思(《故訓匯纂》頁148)。《韓非子·主道》:“去舊去智,臣乃自備。”《集解》:“則戒而自備。”此外,上博簡《中弓》簡11&#43;13:“申之備之”,多讀為“服”,恐怕“備”如字讀為妥(馮先生引《說苑·君道》“修德束躬,以自申飭”證“申”、“飭”關係),疑此“備”即飭也。</span></span></p>
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鸤鸠 发表于 2016-10-26 21:26

<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">補充1樓:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《廣雅·釋詁二》:“飭,備也。”</span></p>
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鸤鸠 发表于 2016-10-26 21:35

<p><font face="宋体">補充12樓&nbsp; 王逸清先生以為《命訓》之字乃“來&#43;力+田”,以為從“田”乃表意,其說當確。與之對應的今本之字作“震”,他破讀為“振”,訓為整治,也應該是正確的。唯多搭配“振旅”一詞中,不免讓人有些許生疑。今按:《逸周書·武紀解》“地荒而不振”,“振”即被注釋家訓為治(《逸周書彙校集注》修訂本1079頁),文意很通。此“振”乃用於田事者,而恰與簡文從“田”相關。似可為之祛疑。</font><br>
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鸤鸠 发表于 2016-10-30 15:22

<p style="margin: 0pt; line-height: 150%; vertical-align: middle; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-pagination: none;"><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《三德》簡</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">14:“仰天事君,嚴恪必信;俯地□□,務農敬戒。”“務農”乃並列連文,“農”、“務”皆勉也(參《經義述聞》103-104“農殖嘉穀”條)。因為中間隔著“毋不能而為之,毋不能而易之”,與下所謂“驟奪民時”云云沒有關聯。</span></span></p>
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鸤鸠 发表于 2016-11-3 18:36

<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">學者已指出,上條《三德》“農”下有一墨點,至為清晰,似有助於上說。“必信”之“必”其詞義當理解與“信”相近(《故訓匯纂》770頁)。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《容成氏》簡3“[疒&#43;旡+出+水]弃不[與+犬]”,首字從陳劍先生隸定,學者已無疑問。它似當讀為“黜”,“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">旡</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">”視為“既”之省,古音也屬物部,當是雙聲字。“黜棄不舉”,被廢黜者不再舉用。學者已引《荀子·王制》一段話與之簡文對讀,其中正有“安職則畜,不安職則棄”之語,亦與之相關</span><br>
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鸤鸠 发表于 2016-11-4 08:59

<p style="margin: 0pt; line-height: 150%; vertical-align: middle; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-pagination: none;"><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">以前網貼中(簡帛網,</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">http://www.bsm.org.cn/bbs/read.php?tid=3371&amp;page=5),我們對</span></span></span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《墨子</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">·備城門》“則民</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">〈</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">亦</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">〉</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">不宜上矣</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">”</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">之</span></font></span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>“宜”、</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《管子</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">·九變》</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>“守戰</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">至死而不德其上者,有數以至焉</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>”之</span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>“德”的理解發表過看法,主要根據</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《守邊勸農疏》</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>“</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">赴胡不避死,非以德上也,欲全親戚而利其財也</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>”那段話,</span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">以為當從</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">“德”作解,不過</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《管子</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">·小問》</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>“</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">則民必死而不我欺也</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>”則被我們認為敘述結構與前二者不同,而排除在外。</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: middle; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-pagination: none;"><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">後經過考慮,覺得</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《守邊勸農疏》</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">的</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">“</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">赴胡不避死,非以德上也,欲全親戚而利其財也</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>”,所謂“德上”當是感激在上者,是所謂守戰者的目的。而</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《墨子</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">·備城門》“則民</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">〈</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">亦</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">〉</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">不宜上矣</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">”</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">之</span></font></span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>“宜”、</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《管子</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">·九變》</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>“守戰</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">至死而不德其上者,有數以至焉</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>”之</span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>“德”,依據鄔先生理解,本當表達的是如</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《管子</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">·小問》</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>“</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">則民必死而不我欺也</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>”之“欺”,是士卒對上者的態度,似乎不能牽合為一,二者貌合神離。</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: middle; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-pagination: none;"><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">鄔先生將</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">“宜”、“德”與“欺”對應理解仍當可取,不過此二字恐當是“意”之誤字(</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>“惪”、“意”形近易致訛,如《春秋繁露·山川頌》“惟善之意”</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">之</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>“意”即“惪”之誤</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">,</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">見孫詒讓《札迻》卷二,中華書局</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1989</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">年</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">,</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">42頁</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">;</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">又如《漢書</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">·王子侯表》“侯安意嗣”</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">之</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>“意”</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">也是</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>“惪”之誤</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">,</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《讀書雜志》,</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">上海古籍出版社</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>2014年,</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>496頁</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">),</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">“意”是猜度、疑忌之意(</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《讀書雜志》,</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1900</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>—</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>190</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>2</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">頁</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">),與</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">“欺”之不信詞義上恰成對應關係。這樣看《孫子</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>·</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">九地</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">》</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">“死焉不得”之“得”,大概也是本作“意”的,後誤為“</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">惪</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>”而又改為“得”,遂不能解。</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: middle; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-pagination: none;"><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">有關</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">“忠信”語句的理解,雖然我們也做出一些解釋,但不能排除</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《大戴禮記</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">·哀公問五義》</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>“心不置”、</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《荀子</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">·哀公》</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>“心不德”之“德”也本作“意”的理解,因為</span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《長短經</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">·文上》</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">、</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《皇王大紀》卷六九</span></font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">皆作</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">“心不忌”,如將“忌”理解為猜忌、疑忌,則恰與“意”構成了對應關係。至於</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《孔子家語</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">·五儀解》</span></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">的</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">“心不怨”,仍推測是因作“德”的版本,或以為不能解而改為“德”之反即“怨”而成。</span></span></p>
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鸤鸠 发表于 2016-11-5 10:36

<p style="margin: 0pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: middle; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-pagination: none;"><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体">《三德》簡</font></span><span style='color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>7有“皇天弗京”,整理者讀“諒”無說,或理解為“諒解”(曹方向:《小議清華簡〈繫年〉及郭店簡中的“京”字》,http://www.bsm.org.cn/show_article.php?id=1615#_ftnref11)。此字陳偉曾釋“就”,是從、向之義,大概是說上帝不肯定、不讚成(《新出楚簡研讀》250頁),與簡18“好×天從之”比較,其說釋義很有啟發,不過此字處在韻腳,是“京”無疑。今按,“諒”可理解為佐、助(字又作“凉”),與“從”相應。</span></p>
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鸤鸠 发表于 2016-11-8 20:32

<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">補充2樓:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">《吳命》簡9與簡1“走”同形之字,辭例是“吳走陳”。整理者以為表示吳軍離開了陳地。後來研究者多在釋“害”基礎上為說,或讀為“遁”、“退”,或讀為“朅”,或讀為“捍”、“救”或“會”。據有關研究,一般認為“吳走陳”的史實與《左傳·哀公十年》“吳救陳”之事相當(參蘇建洲先生《楚文字論集》298頁),蘇建洲先生為“捍”、“救”等,即為了與“吳救陳”對應。或認為“走”是“到……去”,而非離開。此說大致可從(“吳走陳”,“走”實為趨向)。結合當時情形看,“吳走陳”當是說吳軍去往、調往陳,實是為了與楚相抗以解救陳被楚圍困之局面。可見“吳走陳”與“吳救陳”說法不同,但其實深層意思是一致的。</span><br>
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鸤鸠 发表于 2016-11-29 18:07

<p align="justify" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0pt; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; -ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000;"><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体">銘文資料中</font></span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体">有一種用法特殊的</font>“叚”</span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体">,也見於《詩經》等傳世古書,句式多樣,以往有過不少研究,沈培先生經過仔細梳理與分析,得出</font>“</span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体">叚</font></span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>”是表示可能性的助動詞的看法(沈文之後,鄧佩玲、林宏佳也有長文論述,可惜是又倒退了),其這一結論性認識是正確的。</span></p>
<p align="justify" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 24pt; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; -ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000;"><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体">只不過沈先生對</font>“</span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体">叚</font></span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>”、“暇”何以會有這樣的語法意義的理解是本末倒置的,我們以為,表示可能的助動詞“</span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体">叚</font></span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>”(其語法意義)是以其語言意義(或說語素義)為基礎虛化而來的,其語法化所依託的實詞語義實即“遐”之終、盡義。文獻中“遐”有終、盡義,見於《爾雅》、《尚書》等(王引之、屈萬里、林文華等都有說)。</span></p>
<p align="justify" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 24pt; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; -ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000;"><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>“遐”表示“能”的助動詞用法就來自“遐”之終、盡義,“遐”本是表示“</span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>VP”這個動作、行為的結果或完成的,但實際上“叚”、“暇”全用在未然語境中,也就是“VP”並非是已經實現、完成了的,因此“遐”就表示可能的“能”,而非完成或結果的“能”了(參看沈文所引沈家煊先生文的有關分析)。</span></p>
<p align="justify" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 24pt; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; -ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000;"><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>“果”也有“能”的助動詞用法,很顯然來自“果”表示結果、完成的實詞語義(網友“小溫侯”已將“</span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体">叚</font></span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>”與“果”對比,可惜是將“</span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="宋体">叚</font></span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>”讀為了“果”),與之平行的是“遂”也有這樣的助動詞用法(詳參羅維明:《中古墓誌詞語研究》,暨南大學出版社,2003年4月,第156頁),很顯然也就是來自“遂”的遂成、成就義,而“遐”、“果”、“遂”詞義近似,都是表示</span><span style='line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>VP的完成、結束的,與助動詞“能”的語法功能大體相當,具體是表示可能還是結果,要看VP是否已經實現,由已然或未然語境來區分。詳情參拙稿《表示可能的助動詞“遐”的語義來源及其語法化》</span></p>
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