若蝶之慕 发表于 2016-3-11 16:39

睡虎地秦簡《語書》補注

本帖最后由 若蝶之慕 于 2016-3-11 19:06 编辑 <br /><br /><p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b style="text-indent: 21pt; ">【原文】</b>簡<span lang="EN-US">9&#43;</span>簡<span lang="EN-US">10</span>:凡良吏明法律令,事無不能殹,有廉絜敦愨而好佐上;以一曹事不足獨治殹,<span style="font-size: 9pt; ">故有公心有(又)能自端殹,而惡與人辨治,是以不爭書。</span><a href="file:///H:/%E6%80%A1%E7%84%B6%E9%98%81%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF%E5%BA%93/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8.doc#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title="" style="font-size: 9pt; "><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></span></span></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体">【補注】<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体">(一)“事無不能”當讀為“吏無不能”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体">簡牍中古文“事”常與“吏”相混淆,如睡虎地秦簡《倉律》“名吏(事)邑里”,《封診式》“名吏(事)里”;里耶秦簡中<span lang="EN-US">8-136+8-144</span>“名吏(事)”,<span lang="EN-US">8-1090</span>、<span lang="EN-US">8-1438</span>“名吏(事)縣”,<span lang="EN-US">8-198+8-213+8-2013</span>“名吏(事)里”。<a href="file:///H:/%E6%80%A1%E7%84%B6%E9%98%81%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF%E5%BA%93/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8.doc#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!----><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></span><!----></span></span></a>《說文》“事”作<span lang="EN-US"><!--><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600"
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font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,“良吏”之“吏” 原文作<span lang="EN-US"><!--><v:shape id="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75"
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10.5pt;font-family:宋体">相似,古文中“事”與“吏”本就同一字。《說文》“吏”本作“叓”。睡虎地秦簡中“事”也有作與《說文》同者,如</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">日书甲一三○背作<span lang="EN-US"><!--><v:shape
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<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image011.png"
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体">從語法上看,“事無不能”當為動賓關系,故當讀為“吏無不能”更符合文意。《漢書•百官表》:“縣令、長,皆秦官,掌治其縣。<span lang="EN-US">......</span>是為長吏。”顔師古注:“吏,理也,主理其縣內也。”《尚書孔安國傳》:“居位理事,必任能事。”可知“吏無不能”即“理無不能”。
“無不能”意為“沒有不能”。《論衡•程材篇》:“齊部世刺繡,恒女無不能;襄邑俗織錦,鈍婦無不巧。”故“理無不能”即“理事沒有不能”。換句話說,就是“良吏善于理事”。整理者理解為“沒有不能辦理的事務”,事實上就是將“事”解釋為“理事”之意。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体">(二)“以”讀為“與”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体">原文“以”字無注。“以”當讀為“與”,其意為“授予”。古文“以”、“與”聲相通,故二者當為通假字。《禮記·燕禮》:“以我安。”注:“猶與也。”《魏書•李順傳》:“此年行師,當克以不?”韓愈《剝啄行》:“凡今之人,急名以官。”注:“韓文與多作以。”故“以一曹事”即“與一曹事”,意為“授予一曹之事”。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体">(三)“不足獨治”意為“不致于獨治”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体">整理者認為“不足獨治,不可獨斷專行。”“獨治”當為“專治”之意,文獻也多為此意。《墨子·尚同篇》:“天子以其知力為未足獨治天下,是以選擇其次立為三公。”《漢書·五行志》:“是時女主獨治,諸呂相王。”《說苑·奉使篇》:“王曰:‘寡人國小以狹,民弱臣少,寡人獨治之,安所用賢人辯士乎?’”應劭《風俗通義》引孝經曰:“聖不獨立,智不獨治。”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体">古文“不足”可解釋為“不致于”。《漢書•外戚傳》:“太子小,而傅太后抱養之,今至太子家,以乳母恩耳,不足有所妨。”如此,“以一曹事不足獨治”即“授予一曹之事不致于專治”。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体">(四)“惡與人辨治”當讀為“惡豫人辨治”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体">整理小組认为“辨,讀為別。辨治,分治,與上文獨治意近。”陳偉先生認為“辨治”读为“辨辭”,大概就是爭辯的意思。<a href="file:///H:/%E6%80%A1%E7%84%B6%E9%98%81%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF%E5%BA%93/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8.doc#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!----><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></span><!----></span></span></a>此二者皆有誤。“辨治”當即《蒼颉篇》所載“計會辯治”之“辯治”。居延漢簡《蒼颉篇》<span lang="EN-US">EPT50:1A</span>、玉門花海漢簡《蒼颉篇》<span lang="EN-US">B</span>皆有“計會辯治”。《說文》:“辯,治也。”段玉裁注:“治者,理也。俗多與辨不別。辨者,判也。”又:“辨,判也。”段玉裁注:“《小宰》‘傅別’,故書作‘傅辨’。《朝士》‘判書’,故書‘判’為‘辨’。《大鄭》‘辨’讀為‘別’,古‘辨’、‘判’、‘別’三字義同也。‘辧’,從刀,俗作‘辨’,為‘辨別’字,符蹇切。別作從力之‘辦’,為‘幹辦’字,蒲莧切。古‘辧別’、‘幹辧’無二義,亦無二形二音也。”可知“辨治”即“辯治”,也可作“辦治”,又讀作“治辦”。《漢書•酷吏傳》:“賞四子皆至郡守,長子立為京兆尹,皆尚威嚴,有治辦名。”韓愈《唐故河南令張君墓志銘》:“縣令丞尉威如嚴京兆,事以辦治。”《新唐書·李元紘傳》:“改好畤令,遷潤州司馬,以辦治得名。”<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体">《周禮•天官•序》“司書”鄭玄注:“主計會之簿書。”可知“計會”是以“簿書”為主。故《通典•食貨一》:“降秦以後,阡陌既弊,又為隱覈,隱覈在乎權宜,權宜凭乎簿書。簿書既廣,必藉衆功,藉衆功則政由群吏,政由群吏則人無所信矣。”可知欲治“簿書”者必判其書而取為信。故《周禮•秋官•朝士》:“凡有責者,有判書以治則聽。”鄭玄注:“判,分半而合者,故書判為辨。”故“辨治”即“判書治事”。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体">“與人”意为“干豫他人”。《集韻》:“與,羊茹切,音豫。參與也。《正韻》干也。”《中庸》:“夫婦之愚,可以與知焉。”《漢書•淮南王傳》:“皇帝不使吏與其間。”顔師古注:“與讀曰豫,謂不令吏干豫治其事。”又:“</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">相欲委下吏,無與其禍,不可得也。</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体">”颜師古注:“言諸侯王之相欲委罪於在下小吏,而身不干豫之,不可得也。與讀曰豫。”可知“惡與人辨治”即“不願干豫他人判書治事”。“良吏”不插手他人判書治事,因而就不會出現“專治”。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体">“是以”意為“所以”,表示與前文存在因果關系。干豫他人判書就會發生爭辨,故曰“爭書”。反之,就是所謂“不爭書”。《莊子•齊物論》:“有競有爭”。其注:“對辨曰爭。”可知“不爭書”就是“不願干豫他人判書”的結果。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体">【譯文】<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:20.65pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.96"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:宋体">凡是良吏都通曉法律令,善于理事也,有廉潔、敦厚、誠實而喜好輔助上級;授予一曹之事不致于專治也,</span></b><b><span style="font-family:宋体">所以有公</span></b><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:宋体">正無私之心又能端正自己,而且不願干豫他人判書治事,所以才不會因判書而發生爭辨。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体">【原文】<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体">簡<span lang="EN-US">10+</span>簡<span lang="EN-US">11+</span>簡<span lang="EN-US">12</span>:</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">惡吏不明法律令,不</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体">智</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">事,不廉絜,毋以佐上;緰隨疾事,易口舌,不羞辱,輕惡言而易病人,毋公端之心,而有冒柢之治,是以善</span><span style="font-family:宋体">斥</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体">事,</span><span style="font-family:宋体">喜爭書。</span><a href="file:///H:/%E6%80%A1%E7%84%B6%E9%98%81%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF%E5%BA%93/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8.doc#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体"><!----><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></span><!----></span></span></a><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体">【補注】<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">(一)不</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体">知</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">事<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">整理者讀“智”為“知”無誤,但將“不知事”理解為“不通習事務”則不妥。古文中“知事”即“通曉事理”。《荀子•大略篇》:“主道知人,臣道知事。”但“惡吏”並非“不通曉事理”,而是“選擇性作為”。《管子•戒篇》:“於國有所不知政,於家有所不知事,必則朋乎。”尹知章注:“若皆知之,則事鍾於己,將不勝任而敗。朋能有所不知,故可以移政。”可知“不知事”即“不辦事”。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">(二</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">)冒</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">牴</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">之治<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">整理者釋為“冒柢”而讀為“冒抵”,釋文有誤而讀字無誤,陳偉先生改為“冒抵之辭”也不妥。<a href="file:///H:/%E6%80%A1%E7%84%B6%E9%98%81%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF%E5%BA%93/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8.doc#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!----><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></span><!----></span></span></a>“柢”原文作<span lang="EN-US"><!--><v:shape id="_x0000_i1037" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:21.75pt;height:24.75pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image021.png"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><!--><!----><img width="29" height="33" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image022.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1037"><!----></span>,當為“從牛氐聲”。《說文》“柢”作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体"><!--><v:shape id="_x0000_i1038"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" style='width:18.75pt;height:22.5pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image023.png"
o:href="file:///c:\documents%20and%20settings\administrator\application%20data\360se6\User%20Data\temp\67E2_2742.png"/>
</v:shape><!--><!----><img width="25" height="30" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image024.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1038"><!----></span><span style="font-family:宋体">,</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">牴</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">”作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体"><!--><v:shape id="_x0000_i1039" type="#_x0000_t75"
alt="" style='width:18pt;height:19.5pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image025.png"
o:href="file:///c:\documents%20and%20settings\administrator\application%20data\360se6\User%20Data\temp\7274_3803.png"/>
</v:shape><!--><!----><img width="24" height="26" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image026.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1039"><!----></span><span style="font-family:宋体">。古文未見“柢”與“抵”為通假字,而“牴”與“抵”文獻多為通假字。《玉篇》:“或作觝。”《韻會》:“通作抵、邸、氐。”《玉篇》:“角牴,雜技樂也。”《漢書•武帝紀》作“角抵”,《文選》張衡《西京賦》、潘嶽《西征賦》皆作“角觝”,可知</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">原文当釋為“冒</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">牴</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">”而讀為“冒抵”。“冒”即“蒙蔽”。《說文》:“蒙而前也。”段玉裁注:“冃目者,若無所見也。”《漢書•食貨志》:“廉恥相冒。”顔師古注:“冒,蒙也。”“抵”即“抵触”。《說文》:“擠也。”段玉裁注:“排而相歫也。”“抵触”又作“觝触”。《急就篇》:“讒谀爭語相觝触。”顔師古注:“有爭語者,常相觝距而擊触也。”可知“冒抵”即“蒙蔽、抵触”,故後文言“移書曹,曹莫受,府令曹畫之”。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">(三)善</span><span style="font-family:宋体">斥</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:
宋体">事<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">“</span><span style="font-family:
宋体">斥</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">”原文作<span lang="EN-US"><!--><v:shape id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:20.25pt;height:30pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image027.png"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><!--><!----><img width="27" height="40" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image028.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027"><!----></span>,当释为</span><span lang="EN-US"><!--><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" style='width:22.5pt;height:22.5pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image029.png"
o:href="file:///c:\documents%20and%20settings\administrator\application%20data\360se6\User%20Data\temp\_l=kj&amp;u=387F&amp;s=20.gif"/>
</v:shape><!--><!----><img width="30" height="30" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image030.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1028"><!----></span><span style="font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">,俗作</span><span style="font-family:宋体">斥。</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">《玉篇》:“指也。”</span><span style="font-family:宋体">“斥事”即“指事”。《禮記·曲禮》:“六十曰耆,指使。”《釋名》:“六十曰耆。耆,指也,不從力役,指事使人也。”可知“善斥事”即“好指使他人”。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">【譯文】</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">惡吏不通曉法律令,不辦事,不廉潔,沒有輔助的可取之處;苟且懶惰,遇事推脫,搬弄是非,不知廉恥,口出惡言而輕易傷人,沒有公正之心,而在治事中蒙蔽、抵触他人,所以好指使他人,喜歡在判書中與人爭辯。</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///H:/%E6%80%A1%E7%84%B6%E9%98%81%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF%E5%BA%93/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8.doc#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!----><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"></span></span><!----></span></span></a><span style="font-family:宋体">睡虎地秦墓竹簡整理小組:《睡虎地秦墓竹簡》注釋部分,北京:文物出版社,<span lang="EN-US">1990</span>年,第<span lang="EN-US">14</span>頁。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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<div id="ftn2">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///H:/%E6%80%A1%E7%84%B6%E9%98%81%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF%E5%BA%93/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8.doc#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!----><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"></span></span><!----></span></span></a><span style="font-family:宋体">睡虎地秦墓竹簡整理小組:《睡虎地秦墓竹簡》注釋部分,北京:文物出版社,<span lang="EN-US">1990</span>年,第<span lang="EN-US">15</span>頁。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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<div id="ftn3">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///H:/%E6%80%A1%E7%84%B6%E9%98%81%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF%E5%BA%93/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8.doc#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!----><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"></span></span><!----></span></span></a><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">陳偉主編:《里耶秦簡牍校釋(第一卷)》,湖北:武漢大學出版社,</span><span lang="EN-US">2012</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">年,第</span><span lang="EN-US">325</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">頁。</span></p>
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<div id="ftn4">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///H:/%E6%80%A1%E7%84%B6%E9%98%81%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF%E5%BA%93/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8.doc#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!----><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"></span></span><!----></span></span></a><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">張守中:《睡虎地秦簡文字編》,北京:文物出版社,</span><span lang="EN-US">1994</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">年,第</span><span lang="EN-US">43</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">頁。</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn5">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///H:/%E6%80%A1%E7%84%B6%E9%98%81%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF%E5%BA%93/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8.doc#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!----><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"></span></span><!----></span></span></a><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">陳松長主編:《馬王堆簡帛文字編》,北京:文物出版社,</span><span lang="EN-US">2001</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">年,第</span><span lang="EN-US">119</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">頁。</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn6">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///H:/%E6%80%A1%E7%84%B6%E9%98%81%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF%E5%BA%93/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8.doc#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!----><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"></span></span><!----></span></span></a><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">骈宇骞:《銀雀山漢簡文字編》,北京:文物出版社,</span><span lang="EN-US">2001</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">年,第</span><span lang="EN-US">104</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">頁。</span></p>
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<div id="ftn7">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///H:/%E6%80%A1%E7%84%B6%E9%98%81%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF%E5%BA%93/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8.doc#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!----><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"></span></span><!----></span></span></a><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">陳偉:《睡虎地秦簡〈語書〉的釋讀問題(四則)》,武漢大學簡帛網,</span><span lang="EN-US">2005</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">年</span><span lang="EN-US">11</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">月。</span></p>
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<div id="ftn8">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///H:/%E6%80%A1%E7%84%B6%E9%98%81%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF%E5%BA%93/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8.doc#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!----><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"></span></span><!----></span></span></a><span style="font-family:宋体">睡虎地秦墓竹簡整理小組:《睡虎地秦墓竹簡》注釋部分,北京:文物出版社,<span lang="EN-US">1990</span>年,第<span lang="EN-US">15</span>頁。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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<div id="ftn9">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///H:/%E6%80%A1%E7%84%B6%E9%98%81%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF%E5%BA%93/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8/%E7%9D%A1%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%A6%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%9C%E6%B3%A8.doc#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!----><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"></span></span><!----></span></span></a><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">同注</span><span lang="EN-US">G</span><span style="font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">。</span></p>
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