海昏侯墓昌邑籍田鼎铭文的释读与“籍田”释义
本帖最后由 镕汉 于 2015-11-30 22:23 编辑 <br /><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt"></span> </p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt"><img border="0" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/30/20151130221635523.jpg"></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt"></span> </p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt"><img border="0" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/30/20151130221656093.jpg"></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt"></span> </p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">南昌西汉海昏侯昌墓出土有昌邑籍田鼎，其铭文释读见于网络的先后有“熊长云”微博及“</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">bohong</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">”博客的相关帖子。两家的铭文释</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt"> 读大致无误，但有个别文字释读仍可商榷。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 7.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">“熊长云”微博所释文字：</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">①</span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">昌邑籍田铜鼎，容十斗，重卌八斤，第一</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 7.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-SIZE: 15pt"><span> </span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">“熊长云”微博所引用的鼎铭图片来源于“须菩提小朋友”微博,</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">②</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">谛审原图，再与网络公布的其他鼎铭图片比勘，“一”字下有一小横，“一”字与小横之间左右各有一竖，应是同样表示数字的“廿”字而非“一”字。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 7.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">“</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">bohong</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">”博客所释文字：</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">③</span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">昌邑籍田铜鼎容七斗重卌八斤第一</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">“</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">bohong</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">”博客所释无断句，“容”字下一字释作“七”字。汉金文中“七”字写法有时与“十”字均为一横一竖，但“十”字是横短竖长，“七”字则是横长竖短。据鼎铭图片，“容”字下一字应是“十”字。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">综上所述，昌邑籍田鼎铭文应释作：</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> 昌邑籍田铜鼎，容十斗，重卌八斤，第廿</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">关于鼎铭中的“籍田”的释义，两家引用《毛诗序》、《汉书》、《通典》中关于“籍田”的记载，均认为“籍田”是指是古代吉礼的一种，即每年孟春正月，春耕之前天子和诸侯都要亲自耕田的典礼。此亦有可商榷之处。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">据报道，海昏侯墓所出尚有带</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">“</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">昌邑食官</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">”</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">铭文的青铜鼎,目前网络未见此鼎图片,具体铭文内容尚不清楚。而保利博物馆藏有五件昌邑食官铜鼎，铭文字数多寡不一，但内容大致相同,</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">其中一鼎铭文：</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">④</span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">昌邑食官鼎，容五斗，并重卌三斤，第</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">此鼎出土地未详，据铭文虽未能确认其主人究竟是第一代还是第二代昌邑王，但可确定铜鼎为昌邑王室所用。鼎铭中的“食官”，习见于战国秦汉金文中，已有多位专家学者考为职官名，此不赘述。《汉书》中所载“籍田”一词除可指为古代吉礼外，亦可作官职名，《汉书</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">·</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">百官公卿表》：</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">“</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">治粟内史，秦官，掌谷货，有两丞。景帝后元年更名大农令，武帝太初元年更名大司农。属官有太仓、均输、平准、都内、籍田五令丞，斡官、铁市两长丞。</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">” </span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">可见西汉大司农属官有籍田令、丞。西汉诸侯王国官制是“宫室百官，同制京师”（《汉书</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">·</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">诸侯王表二》），官吏设置与中央王朝基本一致。再审视昌邑籍田鼎与昌邑食官鼎铭文，其体例应相同，则</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">“</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">籍田</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">”</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">之义应与</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">“</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">食官</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">”</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 15pt">同作官职解，由此亦可知昌邑籍田鼎为昌邑王国籍田令或丞所用。</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: list 39.0pt left 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><span>①<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">见</span>“</span>熊长云</span>”</span>微博</span>，</span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%">2015</span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">年</span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%">11</span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">月</span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%">5</span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">日</span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，</span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%">http://weibo.com/u/1896121217?is_search=0&visible=0&is_tag=0&profile_ftype=1&page=2#feedtop</span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: list 39.0pt left 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><span>②<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">见</span>“</span>须菩提</span>小朋</span>友</span>”</span>微博</span>，</span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%">2015</span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">年</span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%">11</span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">月</span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%">5</span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">日</span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，</span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%">http://weibo.com/719126913?from=feed&loc=at&nick=%E9%A1%BB%E8%8F%A9%E6%8F%90%E5%B0%8F%E6%9C%8B%E5%8F%8B</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: list 39.0pt left 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><span>③<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">见</span>“</span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%">bohong</span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”博</span>客</span>，</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%">2015</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">年</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%">11</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">月</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%">28</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">日</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%"><a href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4d399bba0102wpii.html"><span style="COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none">http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4d399bba0102wpii.html</span></a></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; tab-stops: list 39.0pt left 117.0pt 331.5pt right 486.0pt"><span><span>④<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">《保利藏金<span style="FLOAT: none; WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">》编辑委员会</span>：</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">《</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">保利藏金</span><span>-</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">保利艺术博物馆精品选</span>》</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">岭南美术出版社</span></span><span>1999</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">年。</span></p>
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