北大漢簡《周馴》釋文商榷
本帖最后由 偉盈 于 2015-11-15 11:19 编辑 <br /><br /><div style="LAYOUT-GRID:18pt none"><p style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm">（<span>1</span>）《周馴》<span>196</span>原釋文作「故發<span>剋</span>（克）<span>殷而為銘於席端曰</span>：『<span><img width="26" height="29" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111754685001.jpg"></span>（畏）戒！<span><img width="26" height="29" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111754685001.jpg"></span>（畏）戒！取<span>諫</span>不遠，視而所代。』」</p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"> <span>謹案</span>：所謂「<span>剋</span>（克）」作</span><span><img width="48" height="45" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111755917002.jpg"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">，與</span><span><img width="51" height="31" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111755443003.jpg"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">（克，北大簡《老子》簡</span><span>61</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">）同形，本來就是「克」字。就是加<span>一個飾筆，參簡</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 华文楷体">72 <img width="74" height="61" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111756050004.jpg"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">「既」。「鬼」<span>字亦然</span>。這種字形後來變成</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><img width="32" height="39" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111756650005.png"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">（克，《馬王堆‧春秋事語》<span>80</span>）、<span><img width="33" height="43" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111756175006.png"></span>（克，《馬王堆‧周易》<span>54</span>）。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"> 其次，「</span><span><img width="26" height="29" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111757352007.jpg"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">」讀為「畏」不合用字習慣。<span>疑</span>讀為「<span>勉</span>（</span><span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">亹</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">）」或「彌」。裘錫圭先生〈史牆盤銘解釋〉指出</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">「</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體"><img width="15" height="16" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111758870008.jpg"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">無匄</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">」的「</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體"><img width="15" height="16" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111758870008.jpg"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">」字似當讀為「舋」或「勉」。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">另外，似亦可考慮讀為「彌」，參見沈培先生〈</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; COLOR: black">釋甲骨文、金文與傳世典籍中跟“眉壽”的“眉”相關的字詞</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">〉。「彌」，久也、長也；<span>愈也</span>。不過簡文</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">「<span>勉</span>」常見，此處</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">「</span><span><img width="26" height="29" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111757352007.jpg"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">」讀為什麼還可考慮。</span></p>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">（<span>2</span>）<span>209</span>「</span><span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">今女</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">（汝）有民而不能聖，<span>則齊侯之生</span>（姓），<span>剴</span>（豈）【<span>209</span>】必爲呂？</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">」「聖」應<span>括</span>讀為「</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">聽</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">」。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">（</span><span>3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">）</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">69</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">「<span>吳既為盂</span>（虛），其誰<span><img width="35" height="35" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111758748009.png"></span>〈衛〉<span>闔</span>廬」。字形作<span><img width="82" height="60" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111758555010.jpg"></span>，除了第一筆與「<span><img width="21" height="21" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111759104011.png"></span>」相似外，其餘都與「衛」相同。比對：</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><img width="127" height="109" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111800193012.png"><img width="115" height="93" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111800298013.png"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">（衛）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><img width="79" height="49" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111800626014.png"><img width="78" height="79" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111801926015.jpg"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">（<span><img width="19" height="19" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111801024016.png"></span>）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">《周馴》字形中間部分直貫而下與「衛」相同，而不同於「率」。此處應該是書手第一筆寫錯，後面就將錯就錯，將「衛」的筆劃寫完。這種<span>情形楚簡並不</span>少見。</span></p>
</div> 114「乃賜之脯二束與餘布百」整理者說：「布」當指三晉地區之布幣。
謹案：此說似有問題。三晉幣當時並不稱「布」，根據睡虎地秦簡《金布律》的記載看，符合品質要求的幅廣二尺五寸長八尺的一塊布即稱為「一布」，《金布律》規定「錢十一當一布」，則簡文的「布」恐怕是「布帛」。簡文可能是說給餓人價值百布的錢，但「餘布」不知何解？
本帖最后由 薛后生 于 2015-11-16 10:03 编辑 <br /><br />《周禮·天官·典枲》‘典枲掌布緦縷紵之麻草之物’，鄭注：‘白而細疏曰纻（紵）’。《張家山二年律令》？市律中‘糸/屠布’整理者言‘糸/屠’即‘纻’。（詳參陳致先生‘赤纻布’與‘彼交匪紓’，古文字研究30）‘餘布百’似承前‘脯二束’省后量詞。楚諺有曰‘得黃金百，不如得季布一諾。’ <p style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm">（<span>1</span>）《周馴》<span>196</span>原釋文作「故發<span>剋</span>（克）<span>殷而為銘於席端曰</span>：『<span><img width="26" height="29" src="http://www.gwz.fudan.edu.cn/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111754685001.jpg"></span>（畏）戒！<span><img width="26" height="29" src="http://www.gwz.fudan.edu.cn/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111754685001.jpg"></span>（畏）戒！取<span>諫</span>不遠，視而所代。』」</p>
<p><font style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><img width="26" height="29" src="http://www.gwz.fudan.edu.cn/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/15/20151115111754685001.jpg">有沒有可能讀為“必”？</font></p>
<p> </p> <div style="LAYOUT-GRID:18pt none">
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">上舉起筆錯寫為</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">「</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">率</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">」的頭，實際該是「</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">衛</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">」字的情況，也</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">見於</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">《魯久次》</span><b><span>04-147</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"><img width="27" height="40" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/22/20151122204523782002.jpg"></span><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">「</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><img width="21" height="21" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/22/20151122204524353003.png"></span><span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">〈</span></span><b><span><img width="20" height="20" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/22/20151122204524215004.png"></span></b><span><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">（</span></b></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Simsun (Founder Extended)'">𩪗</span><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">）〉」，此處該是「</span><span><img width="20" height="20" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/22/20151122204524215004.png"></span></b><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">」，但起先誤寫為「</span><span><img width="21" height="35" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/11/22/20151122204524717005.png"></span></b><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">」，之後將錯就錯將「欠」與「月（肉）」旁寫完。</span></b></p>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">1. </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">簡<span>120</span>「<span>赳</span>」作<span><img width="60" height="37" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083547469001.jpg"></span>，與<span>西漢古隸不同</span>，如<span><img width="61" height="54" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083548309002.png"></span>（糾，《</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">馬王堆·相馬經》<span>2</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">）、<span><img width="65" height="52" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083548387003.png"></span>（糾，</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">曹全碑</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">）；<span><img width="69" height="62" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083548306004.png"></span>（<span>赳</span>，《</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">校官碑》篇</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">2</span><span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">·</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">12</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">）、<span><img width="50" height="37" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083549762005.png"></span>（<span>赳</span>，《</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">衡方碑》，辨</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">3</span><span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">·</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">70</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">）。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">而與戰國文字相近，如<span><img alt="&27.7CFE;" width="52" height="65" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083549236006.png"></span>、<span><img alt="&81.EFD0;" width="26" height="47" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083550334007.png"></span>（糾，《三體石經》<span>20</span>論）、<span><img alt="&81.EFCF;" width="25" height="35" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083550860008.png"></span>（《四聲韻》<span>3.28</span>論）。這點比較值得注意。</span></p>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">2.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">簡<span>193</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">「國<span>與身乳</span><span>(</span>亂<span>)</span>，唯<span>(</span>雖<span>)</span>為人主，其安得所願？」所謂「願」字作<span><img width="42" height="35" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083550196009.jpg"></span>，此字實為「</span><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體"><img width="29" height="26" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083551116010.png"></span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">」，比對</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">《倉頡》簡<span>6</span>「<b><span><img width="29" height="26" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083551116010.png"></span></b>」作<span><img width="79" height="61" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083551081011.png"></span>、<span><img width="37" height="49" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083551481012.png"></span>（《</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">馬王堆·縱橫家書》</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">64</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">）、<span><img width="59" height="47" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083552794013.png"></span>（《</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">史晨後碑》</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">）。「<b><span><img width="29" height="26" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083551116010.png"></span></b>」與「</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">願</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">」本不同字，作者<span>直接釋為</span>「</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">願</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">」，不妥。目前<span>漢隸似</span>未見</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">「願」字。</span></p>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">3.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">簡<span>206</span>「</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體"><img width="21" height="23" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083552627014.png"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體"> (</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">繁<span>) </span>樂以<span><img width="30" height="25" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083552421015.png"></span><span> (</span>淪<span>)</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">」，「</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體"><img width="21" height="23" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083552627014.png"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">」即「<span><img alt="&3.E34D;" width="27" height="35" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083553132016.png"></span>」，《說文》：「<span><img alt="&3.E34D;" width="27" height="35" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083553132016.png"></span>，泉水也。从泉緐聲。<span>讀若飯</span>。」「</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體"><img width="21" height="23" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083552627014.png"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">」字作<span><img width="50" height="54" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083553314017.jpg"></span>，其「<span>糸</span>」<span>旁省簡</span>的形體可以聯想到<span>本篇簡</span><span>102</span>「</span><span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">「</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">非<span>駿勿駕</span>，非<span>爵</span><span>(</span>雀<span>)</span>勿</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體"><img width="39" height="30" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083554543018.jpg"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">」，比對周家臺關<span>沮秦簡</span>：「取（娶）婦、嫁<span>一四一貳女</span>，吉。氏（是）謂小<span>徹</span>，<span style="COLOR: black">利以</span><span><img width="24" height="24" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083554890019.jpg"></span><span style="COLOR: black">（<span>羈</span>）謀。【</span>一四二貳<span style="COLOR: black">】</span>」以及《漢印文字徵》卷七「<span><img width="24" height="24" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083554890019.jpg"></span>（<span><span style="COLOR: black">羈</span></span>）」來看，<span><img width="39" height="30" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083554543018.jpg"></span>顯然就是「</span><span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">羈</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">」。</span></p>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">4.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">簡<span>139</span>「</span><span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">剴</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">豈<span>)</span>可而<span>毋</span><span><img width="20" height="20" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083555171020.png"></span><span>(</span>赦<span>)</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">」，<span>末字作</span><span><img width="36" height="26" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083556571021.jpg"></span>。「</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體"><img width="20" height="20" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083555171020.png"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">」顯然就是「</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">赦</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">」字或體「亦攴」。大家知道秦漢文<span>字夾亦</span>呈現<span>雙向互混的</span>現象，作者此處為嚴<span>式隸定</span>自然也是可以的。但是在「</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">唯【一九二】<span>毋身乳</span>（亂），則<span>國家亦乳</span><span>(</span>亂<span>)</span>。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體">」所謂「亦」作<span><img width="58" height="39" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/12/01/20151201083556509022.jpg"></span>，依作者體例應該<span>隸定作</span>「夾」。兩處處理的方式又有不同。</span></p>
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