“京师畯尊”疑是“京师畋尊” （图）

卧马居 发表于 2015-5-27 19:33

“京师畯尊”疑是“京师畋尊” （图）

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<DIV style="TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT: 14px/21px Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', Simsun; WORD-WRAP: break-word; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(68,68,68); WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" align=center><STRONG style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-WEIGHT: 700"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size=5><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face=Tahoma,><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=#ff0000><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face=宋体>“京师畯尊”和</FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=#ff0000><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face=宋体>“京师畋尊”辩疑</FONT><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face=Arial><SPAN class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></FONT><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face=宋体>（</FONT><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face=Arial><SPAN class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></FONT><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face=宋体>图）<BR><BR></FONT></FONT></FONT></STRONG></DIV>
<DIV style="TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT: 14px/21px Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', Simsun; WORD-WRAP: break-word; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(68,68,68); WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" align=center><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face=Tahoma,><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size=4><STRONG style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-WEIGHT: 700"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=teal><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face=宋体>文</FONT></FONT><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=teal><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face=Arial>/</FONT></FONT><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=teal><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face=宋体>卧马先生（李敦彦）<BR><BR>394<BR></FONT></FONT></STRONG></FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV><BR class=Apple-interchange-newline><FONT color=darkred>“</FONT><FONT color=darkred><FONT style="LINE-HEIGHT: 27px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); FONT-VARIANT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; WORD-WRAP: break-word; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(139,0,0); FONT-SIZE: large; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" face=宋体>京师畯尊”图片<BR>395<BR><BR>金文：“<FONT style="LINE-HEIGHT: 27px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); FONT-VARIANT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; WORD-WRAP: break-word; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(139,0,0); FONT-SIZE: large; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" face=宋体>京师畋尊”图片</FONT><BR></FONT><BR>396<BR><BR>金文“</FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=darkred size=4 face=宋体>畯”字和“畋”字对照图</FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
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<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=#000000 size=4>    <FONT color=black>  近期因为质疑清华大学李学勤教授的“楚国丹阳汉南说”问题时，第一次看到青铜器“京师畯尊”图片和读到李学勤教授发表在2010年第一期《文物》上的《由新见青铜器看西周早期的鄂、曾、楚》文章的，在了解李学勤教授关于“京师畯尊”涉汉伐楚铭文中还有几个不认识的青铜器铭文后，因为兴趣的原因对“京师畯尊”铭文做了认真的研读，试图了解和辨认“京师畯尊”上不认识的字。</FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>     经过对“京师畯尊”图片中的文字，逐字逐句认真研究后发现，“京师畯尊”上的铭文都是早期金文。金文是铸刻在青铜器钟或鼎上的一种文字，起于商代盛行于周代，是在甲骨文的基础上发展起来的文字，因铸刻于钟鼎之上，有时也称为钟鼎文。</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>     从“京师畯尊”上的铭文字体看符合西周时期周昭王伐楚年代。</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>     仔细查阅发现“京师畯尊”上的每一个铭文字体在金文中都有出处，并能找到与金文字体完全对上号的金文。为了便于对照辨认，特严格按照“京师畯尊”上的铭文字体大小，复原制作了金文版的“京师畯尊”图，以供对照和参考。（如图2）</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>     对照青铜器“京师畯尊”上的铭文和金文版的“京师畯尊”字体后发现，不知道什么原因李学勤教授居然把“京师畯尊”最关键的“畯”字都译解错了，错把“京师畋尊”译成“京师畯尊”了？还有似“令”的“又”字、似“舞”的“蹈”字、似“艮”的“斤”字等，因为李学勤教授对原始的部分铭文译注有误，所以致使对二十六个铭文的断句和解释似也出现了不小的问题？</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>     李学勤教授清楚的对“京师畯尊”器型和文字都作了详细注解。</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>     尊内底有铸铭6行26字，在行间有突起的纵行阑线(图一)。下面依原行款写出释文：王涉汉伐楚，王又[左医右戈](?)工，京师[左田右允]目斤工[嫠字去女]贝，用乍日庚宝[耳刀加尊]彝。&%（两字不认识）。</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>     第一行“汉”字，“**”下从“土”，与《说文》同，而略异于中甗和大保玉戈的“汉”字。</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>     第二行第四字不很清晰，上方似为“戈”而有省笔，下左从“医”即“医”。</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>     第三行“师”原只写作“自”，后更正加上右方的“币”，以致笔划打破了阑线。西周金文作师旅讲的“师”写为“自”，作官长讲的“师”写为“师”，是有区别的。“左田右允”即“左田右夋”字，金文多见。</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>     第四行“[嫠字去女]”读为“釐”，训作“赐”。</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>     第五行‘日庚”上面没有亲属称谓，比较罕见，可参看《殷周金文集成》5839尊:“狈作旅彝，日辛”等。</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>     尊铭“王涉汉伐楚”，可对照前面引述的古本《纪年》昭王十六年“伐楚荆，涉汉”，两者显然是同一件事，这也表明尊的年代。</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>     以上是李学勤教授的译文和注解，可见李教授对“京师畯尊”花了不少工夫，可见李学勤教授做学问做研究治学严谨的认真程度。</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>     我通过一一查找金文认真研究后发现，李学勤教授的译文有部分偏差和疑问，“京师畯尊”应该是“京师畋尊”或“日庚宝尊”。</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>     “日庚宝尊”译文应该是：王涉汉伐，楚王令亦工，京师畋克艮，王厘贝用，作日庚宝尊，子蹈。</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>     “日庚宝尊”的大意是：周昭王涉过汉水要攻打楚国，楚王下令也攻打还击伐楚的京师大军，京师大军在南山以狩猎形式演习作战，而后大军从上侯，跨汝水和汜水，经方城、鄂师等达汉水，并收复和攻克了艮国，周昭王大获厘贝等财宝，为庆祝南征的胜利，周昭王特铸造了“日庚宝尊”来纪念这次南征伐楚的战争。铸尊的是子蹈。</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>     这样译注“京师畋尊”就符合周昭王涉汉伐楚的历史了。不服周的楚国在面临周王朝的京师大军时不可能无动于衷的。“京师畋尊”就真实的记录了周昭王以田猎的方式涉汉伐楚，楚王以牙还牙派兵还击，这场周楚之战最后以周昭王胜利铸造青铜尊庆祝胜利告终。</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>     我之所以把李学勤教授译注的“京师畯尊”译成“京师畋尊”是按照笔画完全能对上号的金文为依据的。参看青铜器“京师畯尊”原文中的“畯”字和“畋”字金文对比（图3）。</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>     在商周时期盛行的金文中，即有“畯”字也有“畋”字的范本，同一个“京师畯尊”上的铭文，应该是同一个工匠书写的。所以没有理由也不需要多此一举的用一个不相干的“畯”字替代“畋”字，文中也没有近似的同类字重复使用，不可能是象王羲之写书法一样每个字写出不一样的风格，书法就是风格有变字体也不会变的。</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>     还有，李学勤教授把“京师畯尊”第二行的“楚王令”的“令”字，译成了“又”，“王又亦工”四个字连起来看无法理解，根本不知道“王又亦工”是什么意思，不知要表达的到底是啥意思？</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>     这个看起来象“又”字的简单笔画结构，其实是有明显细节特征的。上边是一个似眼睛似的结构，下边是一个有跪地动作的造型，跪地的上半部，还有上下回环交叉状的笔画结构，很象一个跪地听命的将军，双手抱拳接受命令时的动作。</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>金文的很多字都是会意字，同样一个大人的人，代表手的笔画所写的位置和方式不一样，所表达的意思也都不一样。而这个“令”字，即与“金文”的“令”字相同，也与铭文行文要表达的意思相契合。</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>最后一个似一个双手高举、扎着马步的人，应该是个“蹈”字。</FONT></FONT></DIV></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT size=4><FONT color=black><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word">      早期甲骨文</FONT></FONT><SPAN class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN><IMG style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; CURSOR: pointer" id=aimg_F0i4P class=zoom onclick="zoom(this, this.src, 0, 0, 0)" border=0 alt="" src="http://bbs.lhk.gov.cn/data/attachment/forum/201502/12/094837so8zrq911bp0zr8t.gif" width=24 _load="1" lazyloaded="true" file="http://bbs.lhk.gov.cn/data/attachment/forum/201502/12/094837so8zrq911bp0zr8t.gif"><SPAN class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word">像一个人</FONT></FONT><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word">两手挥动着花枝</FONT></FONT><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word">的叫“舞”。晚期甲骨文在手挥花枝的人的头上加“口”，表示手挥花枝，一边吟唱。金文的“口”形、“手”形模糊，同时加“辵”，表示手挥足蹈口唱。造字本义：手挥花枝又唱又跳。篆文再加“舛”（左右两足），强调双足配合双手和乐曲有节奏地跳跃。隶书变形较大，人形、手形消失。舞蹈是肢体运动造型艺术，挥手作姿叫“舞”，辟腿跺踢叫“蹈”。</FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT size=4><FONT color=black><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word">      从“夭”字和“允”字甲骨文的写法，可帮助理解。“允”字早期甲骨文</FONT></FONT><SPAN class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN><IMG style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; CURSOR: pointer" id=aimg_SZ3z4 class=zoom onclick="zoom(this, this.src, 0, 0, 0)" border=0 alt="" src="http://bbs.lhk.gov.cn/data/attachment/forum/201502/12/094348kkkvvzktwh2too9l.gif" width=15 _load="1" lazyloaded="true" file="http://bbs.lhk.gov.cn/data/attachment/forum/201502/12/094348kkkvvzktwh2too9l.gif"><SPAN class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word">在“人”的头部位置加一圆点指事符号，表示与头部动作有关。造字本义是点头、许可。“夭”字甲骨文</FONT></FONT><SPAN class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN><IMG style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; CURSOR: pointer" id=aimg_FO0Ii class=zoom onclick="zoom(this, this.src, 0, 0, 0)" border=0 alt="" src="http://bbs.lhk.gov.cn/data/attachment/forum/201502/12/094412rmg40ylcv0mi3zmv.gif" width=26 _load="1" lazyloaded="true" file="http://bbs.lhk.gov.cn/data/attachment/forum/201502/12/094412rmg40ylcv0mi3zmv.gif"><SPAN class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word">像一个人舞动两臂</FONT></FONT><IMG style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; CURSOR: pointer" id=aimg_QJeHP class=zoom onclick="zoom(this, this.src, 0, 0, 0)" border=0 alt="" src="http://bbs.lhk.gov.cn/data/attachment/forum/201502/12/094435fvb1cnbtogktobq0.gif" width=22 _load="1" lazyloaded="true" file="http://bbs.lhk.gov.cn/data/attachment/forum/201502/12/094435fvb1cnbtogktobq0.gif"><SPAN class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word">的样子。造字本义是说女子妖娆起舞。篆文“夭”字</FONT></FONT><SPAN class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN><IMG style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; CURSOR: pointer" id=aimg_RKl5L class=zoom onclick="zoom(this, this.src, 0, 0, 0)" border=0 alt="" src="http://bbs.lhk.gov.cn/data/attachment/forum/201502/12/094513q3qbwvzg72vl2g8g.gif" width=26 _load="1" lazyloaded="true" file="http://bbs.lhk.gov.cn/data/attachment/forum/201502/12/094513q3qbwvzg72vl2g8g.gif"><SPAN class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word">象人偏着头，金文</FONT></FONT><SPAN class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN><IMG style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; CURSOR: pointer" id=aimg_T3616 class=zoom onclick="zoom(this, this.src, 0, 0, 0)" border=0 alt="" src="http://bbs.lhk.gov.cn/data/attachment/forum/201502/12/094502vrx2rkqzraxcv120.gif" width=26 _load="1" lazyloaded="true" file="http://bbs.lhk.gov.cn/data/attachment/forum/201502/12/094502vrx2rkqzraxcv120.gif"><SPAN class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word">承续甲骨文字形变形较大，写成“厶”、“人”的会意。</FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
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<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>      另外“京师畯尊”中的“京师畯克斤”的“克斤”是李学勤教授译成“克斤”的，译文中有“京师[左田右允]目斤”说到过目斤。翻查历史上关于楚国所灭的诸侯国和楚国相临的诸侯国，没有找到“斤国”虽然存疑但无解。关于“京师畯尊”到底是周昭王所铸还是，楚王铸造也不是很清楚。</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align=left><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=black size=4>      经过查找周昭王伐楚的相关记载后发现，</FONT><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT size=4><FONT color=black><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">“艮”字</FONT></FONT><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 14px"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face=Simsun><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word">甲骨文</FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT><IMG style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; CURSOR: pointer" id=aimg_mVbB2 class=zoom onclick="zoom(this, this.src, 0, 0, 0)" border=0 alt="" src="http://www.6e6.org/img/xiao/6500.gif" height=22 _load="1" lazyloaded="true" file="http://www.6e6.org/img/xiao/6500.gif"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face=Tahoma,>就是“目”和“人”的结合体，</FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face=Tahoma,>造字本义是回望怒视。</FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face=Tahoma,><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face=Simsun><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word">金文</FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT><IMG style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; CURSOR: pointer" id=aimg_R3XLX class=zoom onmouseover=img_onmouseoverfunc(this) onclick="zoom(this, this.src, 0, 0, 0)" border=0 alt="" src="http://www.6e6.org/img/xiao/6503.gif" onload=thumbImg(this) _load="1" lazyloaded="true" file="http://www.6e6.org/img/xiao/6503.gif"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face=Tahoma,>突出“目在背后”的形象，强调回头看。</FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color=#444444><FONT style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size=4 face=Tahoma,><FONT color=black>所以李学勤教授译成的目斤疑是“艮”字。“京师畯尊”铭文中的“京师畯克斤”译成“京师畋克艮”跟周昭王涉汉伐楚的历史相吻合，而“京师畯尊”应该是周昭王所铸。</FONT><BR><BR><BR></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV></DIV></FONT></DIV>

卧马居 发表于 2015-5-28 10:27

本帖最后由卧马居于 2015-5-28 10:28 编辑 <br /><br /><br>
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<font size="5">质疑李学勤的楚都丹阳“汉南说”考论图<br>
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<div style="TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT: 14px/21px Tahoma, 'Microsoft Yahei', Simsun; WORD-WRAP: break-word; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(68,68,68); WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px" align="left">
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      清华大学李学勤教授是夏商周断代工程首席专家大家都知道。</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      近期在查阅关于周昭王伐楚及楚国丹阳的相关史料及研究进展时，偶然读到李学勤教授发表在2010年第一期《文物》上的《由新见青铜器看西周早期的鄂、曾、楚》文章，看到李学勤关于“京师畯尊”涉汉伐楚论证得出的两个结论：一是鄂国的中心位置在汉水以东随州一带，曾是鄂国的都邑，鄂侯驭方反叛周王后才封的随国（曾国）。第二个结论是论证表明，京师[左田右夋]尊是周昭王伐楚时器。尊铭说“王涉汉伐楚”，意思非常明确，楚应在汉水的南面，从而昭王必须渡过汉水，才能攻击楚人。因此，不管成王时所封熊绎的丹阳是不是在今丹浙一带，昭王时的楚都只能是在汉南了。</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      看后感觉李学勤教授这样的两个结论多有不妥之处，缺乏与楚国历史相符的早期楚国丹阳地和周昭王溺汉地的证据支撑，因为看到不少研究学者笃信李学勤教授的“楚应在汉水以南”的“楚国汉南说”，所以特写质疑文章与李学勤教授商榷理论。</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      首先，楚国和随国、曾国、鄂国，都是各自独立的诸侯国，不能混为一谈的，并且后期的楚国历史有关于楚国灭随国、曾国、鄂国的相关记载可以印证，鄂国的中心位置在汉水以东随州一带可以，但不能如此简单的就下结论说三千里汉江上楚国的中心就一定在汉水以南，要说楚国丹阳在汉水以南必须拿出相应的历史证据。</font></font><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">思考李学勤教授仅以周昭王伐楚要渡过汉水为依据，就得出了“不管成王时所封熊绎的丹阳是不是在今丹浙一带，昭王时的楚都只能是在汉南”的结论不仅欠妥，</font></font><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4">主观武断</font></font><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4">外还有点不讲道理了？</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      为什么？因为，楚国既然都在丹阳，那就应该准确的找到符合丹山丹水和符合楚国丹阳的地方，不能仅凭青铜器“京师畯尊”上一句“王涉汉伐楚”，在没有一个字提到南的情况下就论定“楚在汉南”了？要是这样就能考论有三千多年的历史疑问的话，那任何历史疑问就不用专家多考和论了？</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      周昭王时期的西周，当时周王朝的都城在西安的镐京，到周平王时期的公元前770年才迁都到洛阳的。所以对于“周昭王涉汉伐楚”来说，不管谁都不能简单武断的说“不管成王时所封熊绎的丹阳是不是在今丹浙一带，周昭王时的楚都只能是在汉南”草率的来下结论的？</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">       这应该要看周昭王当年从哪儿走了？涉过的是哪儿的汉水了？</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      从今天修西安到湖北的高速公路看，从西安到达湖北的高速路口有十堰谷城和襄阳等地，这应该是任何人无法改变得了山川和地理证据。象高速公路这样的捷径当然是周昭王当时历史条件下不可能达到。但强势伐楚的周昭王肯定会操近道走捷径是的，因为周昭王攻打楚国不是游山玩水的。</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      周昭王伐楚南巡是西周早期的大事，《左传》僖公四年、《吕氏春秋·音初》和《史记·周本纪》都有记载。古本《竹书纪年》说：“周昭王六年，伐楚荆，涉汉，遇大兕”。“周昭王十九年，天大噎，雉兔皆震，丧六师于汉”。“周昭王末年，夜有五色光贯紫微，其年王南巡不返”是周昭王先伐楚随后南巡，以失败告终的。</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      而青铜器“京师畯尊”铭文所记载的“昭王涉汉伐楚”，显然不是第三次。虽然不知道具体是哪一次，每次都涉汉是可以肯定的。</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">如果先把汉水以南的诸侯国捋一下，会帮助我们清晰的捋出</font></font><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4">周昭王涉汉伐楚适合走的进军路线</font></font><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4">。</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      周昭王从镐京到楚国一定要越过汉水的，因为镐京在汉水以北。而汉水以南的诸侯国有，庸国、麇国、绞国、谷国、夔国、巴国等，这些诸侯国都是独立的诸侯国，这些诸侯国中应该没有楚国的地盘。因为汉水过了汉水上游的丹江口转向南流了，所以汉江中下游就只有汉东和汉西没有汉南之地了。</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      地势原因可以判断，周昭王伐楚大军不可能从庸国、夔国、巴国走，因为</font></font><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4">周昭王伐的是楚不是</font></font><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4">庸国、夔国、巴国，加上</font></font><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4">庸国、夔国、巴国</font></font><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4">在竹山、竹溪、保康等高山峡谷人车马难行的神农架。另外庸国、夔国、巴国远离最能代表楚国丹阳的丹水和淅水，所以庸国、夔国、巴国根本没有是楚国丹阳地的可能。如果</font></font><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4">周昭王伐楚在秭归和保康的丹阳，那</font></font><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4">青铜器“京师畯尊”就肯定不止“</font></font><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4">王涉汉伐楚”这几个字能说得清楚的了？</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      从关于周昭王第三次南巡伐楚胶船溺汉的记载看，周昭王伐楚不是乘船和走的水路。周昭王伐楚的军队不可能跟现在人修高速公路一样开山架桥、也不可能迎高山大河而上的。周昭王伐楚的军队会在汉水上游水小河窄的地方，迂回婉转的来到楚地的，路也不能绕的太远。周昭王可以从属于秦地的秦岭下汉江上游水小河窄的地方先过汉江河，在沿汉江腹地沿麇国、绞国操近路到达是汉水以南谷国的。</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      老河口霸王坟出土的关于周昭王造船、溺汉、葬于霸王坟的楚简，从一个侧面支持印证这一观点，补充了周昭王伐楚溺汉的历史缺漏。参看2014年10月1日《湖北社会科学报》“老河口霸王坟战国楚简新译”文。</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      周昭王即使到达了绞国或谷国，因为汉江拐湾的缘故，周昭王即使看到近在咫尺的楚国丹阳他也过不了已是河宽水大的滔滔汉江望江兴叹，只能造船过江攻打楚国丹阳。让他没想到的是会遭遇船工制造胶船的乌龙事件最后伐楚不成反而还溺亡于汉江。</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      另外楚国丹阳在汉东是有历史依据的。因为此时的楚国还没有到南下迁郢的时候，楚都丹阳只能在远在江陵的郢都以北。</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">出于《左传》的“楚武王侵随”记载：</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      楚武王侵随①，使蘧章求成焉，军于瑕以待之②。随人使少师董成。<br style="WORD-WRAP: break-word">
      斗伯比言于楚子曰③：“吾不得志于汉东也，我则使然。我张吾三军，而被吾甲兵，以武临之，彼则惧而协以谋我，故难间也。汉东之国随为大。随张，必弃小国。小国离，楚之利也。少师侈，请羸师以张之④。”熊率且比曰：“季梁在⑤，何益？”斗伯比曰：“以为后图，少师得其君。”王毁军而纳少师。</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      《左传》的“楚武王侵随”很明确的记载了：楚武王“不得志于汉东”的历史事实。</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      公元前704年楚武王侵随时的楚国，虽然离公元前977年的周昭王伐楚溺汉过去了两百多年，但这个时期的楚国，因为刚刚开始了大规模吞灭诸侯国的战争，还没有迁到汉水以南的郢都，所以这个时期的楚国丹阳只有在汉东，才符合楚国居丹阳350年的历史记载。</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      而楚国伐汉东随为大的随国，也限定了，楚国在随以北的汉东地区。再参看楚国自楚武王以后楚国先后吞灭的绞国、麇国、庸国、罗国、卢国、随国、申国、邓国这些临楚的一个个小诸侯国看，楚国和丹阳，只能在汉水以东的老河口。</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      因为古为阴国的老河口，地临古为绞国的丹江口市和古为鄀国的淅川县，及古为邓国的邓州市，并且有丹水和淅水流入老河口袁冲古城和排子河，阴都丹阳正好在丹淅之汇的丹水以北的楚长城下，南北走向的二劈山到靠近襄阳石桥以北五十里的丹阳封地，是唯一符合“楚国伐申过邓”历史的地方。加上丹水流经老河口洪山咀赵岗的屈湾也在丹水以北，有符合屈原祖地的“屈家殿”宗庙地。老河口有霸王坟出土的记录攻打楚国丹阳的周昭王造船溺亡汉江的楚简等等一系列。</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      一切证据指向“楚国丹阳”不可能在“汉南”只能在“汉东”。</font></font></font></div>
<div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" align="left"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; FONT-SIZE: 16px"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000">      如果：李学勤教授看到以上关于：“楚国丹阳”在“汉东”老河口的众多证据，应该不会再说“楚国丹阳”在“汉南”了？</font></font></font></div>
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<font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" size="4"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" color="#000000"><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face="宋体">                                   2015年2月2<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></font><font style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" face="宋体">日于老河口卧马居<br>
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良渚神徽 发表于 2015-5-28 21:01

<Br>右边第一列，共五个金文：
<Br>读Wa De Yi Si Ku。</br>

<Br>直译为【王“得”乂厶芒】</br>
<Br>意译为【王我刈“稻旺”】</br>

良渚神徽 发表于 2015-5-29 09:37

RE: “京师畯尊”疑是“京师畋尊” （图）

卧马居发表于 2015-5-28 10:27 static/image/common/back.gif
本帖最后由卧马居于 2015-5-28 10:28 编辑 <br>
<div style="TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; ...

<Br>　　http://ww2.sinaimg.cn/large /c4052845jw1eskv7iz8uhj20jp0gljxe.jpg </br>

本人修订的最新版“京师畯鐏”铭文图片</br>

良渚神徽 发表于 2015-5-29 09:37

RE: “京师畯尊”疑是“京师畋尊” （图）

良渚神徽 发表于 2015-5-29 09:38

RE: “京师畯尊”疑是“京师畋尊” （图）

本帖最后由良渚神徽于 2015-5-29 09:43 编辑 <br /><br />卧马居发表于 2015-5-28 10:27 static/image/common/back.gif
本帖最后由卧马居于 2015-5-28 10:28 编辑
http://ww2.sinaimg.cn/large /c4052845jw1eskv7iz8uhj20jp0gljxe.jpg 本人修订的最新版“京师畯鐏”铭文图片

卧马居 发表于 2015-6-1 14:49

良渚神徽发表于 2015-5-29 09:38 static/image/common/back.gif
本帖最后由良渚神徽于 2015-5-29 09:43 编辑 �% ...

{:11:} 感谢提供更清楚的图片资料------------

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