《論語》”必世而後仁“之”世“誤解爲”三十“緣起小考
<p><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;"> </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;">《论语·子路》：“</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">如有王者,</span></span></span><em style="font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">必世而后仁</span></em><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14pt; line-height: 20px;">。”</span></p><p><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 14pt; line-height: 20px;"> 古今注家通常將“世”字根據古書中的訓詁材料解釋爲“三十年”。查古代訓詁材料，結合漢代字形，會發現此說似屬誤解，恐難信。</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> 《論語》“必世而後仁”孔注：“</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt; color: rgb(255, 51, 0);"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">三十年爲</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt; color: rgb(255, 51, 0);"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">一世。</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”</span></span></p>
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<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> 《說文》：“</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt; color: rgb(255, 51, 0);"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">世，三十年爲一世。从卅而曳長</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt; color: rgb(255, 51, 0);"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">之。</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”</span></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> 《說文》段注：“按</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt; color: rgb(102, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">父子相繼曰世</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">，</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt; color: rgb(255, 51, 0);"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">其（指三</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt; color: rgb(255, 51, 0);"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">十年曰世之說）引伸之義也</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">。</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”</span></span></p>
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<div><span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> 案：我們懷疑，將“世”解釋爲“三十年”，首要的原因在于“世”字到隸書階段與作“三十”講的“卅”在字形寫法上混同難分，故《說文》分析“世”字形爲“</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt; color: rgb(255, 51, 0);"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">从卅而曳長</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt; color: rgb(255, 51, 0);"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">之”其實是根據譌混的形體爲說，不可信。</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br>
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<div><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 32pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> 此外，大約還與古書中的一句話不無關係：</span></span></span></div>
<div><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 32pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> 《左傳·宣公三年》王孫滿曰：“</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold;">成王定鼎于郏鄏,</span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt; color: rgb(102, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">卜世三十</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">，</span></span><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 32pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">卜年七百，天所命也。” </span></span></div>
<div><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-size: 32pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> ——</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold;">大概古人</span><span style="font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold;">將</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-weight: bold;"><span lang="ZH-TW" style="font-size: 32pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">“</span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(102, 255, 51); font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold;">卜世三十</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;">”誤解爲</span><span style="font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold;">“世”當解釋爲“三十年”了？</span></div>
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</p> 本帖最后由 神圣o俏丫儿 于 2014-3-19 14:17 编辑 <br /><br /><p><font style="COLOR: #000080; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><strong></strong></font> </p>
<p><font style="COLOR: #000080; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><strong>注是没错！—— </strong></font></p>
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<strong>“世”就是“三十”，“年”就是状态；所以“世”是“三十年”。</strong></p>
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<p><strong>另：</strong><font style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">别追问我再具体的啦。</font></p>
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