杨一光 发表于 2013-12-7 13:10

“听”与“胖”,两个书写出来的讹字

本帖最后由 杨一光 于 2013-12-8 20:59 编辑 <br /><br /><p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"></span>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;杨一光/文&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;关键词/“听”、“胖”</font></span></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"></span>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>&nbsp;<span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">一、 “听”</span></strong><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;</span> </font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"></span><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">“听”用耳,可字却从“口”;其读“ting1”,可字却从“斤”,这“听”字既不能“会意”,也不得“形声”,且又无从“假借”,是故让人纠结。</span> </font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"></span><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">其实这听见之“听”本是讹字</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">,而“听”之正读 “yin2” ,是另一字,即是从“斤”得声,是指笑声或笑貌。笑从口出,故字从“口”,“斤”则为其声。</span> </font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"></span><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">听见之“听”应是由书写讹变而来。听用“耳”,“耳”之行草书或省其内二短横,其形似“口”;“听”的繁体作“聽”,“聽”与“廳”字旧多混用,“廳”或简写作“庁”、“厅”,是故又与“斤”字形似,于是“口”加“斤”之“听”者成焉,且与笑声之“听”混为了一形。只因这笑之“听”差不多已成为废字,是故听之“听”才得以成全,以至于今。有“庍”、“厛”字,皆“廳”之俗字,从这两个字形中亦可显见这“听”的由来轨迹。</span> </font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"></span><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">其实听见之“听”本作“(耳&#43;壬)”,是从“壬”得声,即与“廷”、“呈”为同声符字。而“聽”则是听从、听候之“听”。《尚书·太甲》:“聽德惟聪”,“聽德”即听从或听候于有德。“聽”本是从“(耳+壬) ”从“悳 ”字,即耳听之则心从之,是为“聽”。而专门聽从或聽侯的场所则从“广”作“廳”焉。</span> </font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"></span><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">总之,古之书家尚繁,遂假“聽”为“(耳+壬) ”字,而使用文字的人则趋简,遂用行草书之“听”字。是故“听”行,“聽”存,而“(耳+壬) ”为废矣。</span> </font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>&nbsp;</strong></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><strong>二、“胖”</strong></span> </font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"></span><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">“胖”字本读“pan4”,《说文》释“半体肉”,即是指整体肉的一半,故其字从“月(肉)”从“半”,“半”亦为其声符,而今读“pang4”,即称肥胖之“胖”者,本是“肨”之讹形。</span> </font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"></span><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">“肨”之《说文》无,《广韵》:“匹绛切”,读“pang4”,或释之为“胀”,今亦读“pang1”,或称物之虚脬肥大者为“肨胀”,亦作“胮胀”。</span> </font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"></span><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">“肨”是从“丰”得声,即与“蚌(bang4)”、“邦pang1”是同声符字。其所从“丰”既是声符,也是义符,是属于兼声兼义字。即“丰”本是指大或丰满,后又复加义符“月(肉)”,以专指肉体之丰满,是为“肨”,也就是今之“胖”字。《诗·郑风·丰》“子之丰兮”,此之“丰”,即当作“肨”,若是从今依讹则当记作“胖”。今“肨”字读平声,释肿胀或肨胀者,则是丰满或肥胖的引申之用。</span> </font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">“丰”之篆书与“半”字形近,加之唐宋以来行、</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">草</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">书盛行,笔划连带,是故多有讹混。如“邫(邦)”或讹作“(半+邑)”,“蚌”或讹作作“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Sun-ExtA; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">䖫</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">”等,此亦可证“胖”实为“肨”之讹字。 </span></font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">成语有“心广体胖”,又称“心宽体胖”,其“胖”字口语多读“pang4”,而各家辞书都注明了是读 “pan2”,且释义为“安”,于是老师们也都跟着纠偏。其实,这都是在纠正为偏。</span> </font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">这“胖pan2”的本义是“半体肉”,却释之为“安”,显然的不妥。或者说这注音与释义之间有着明显的拼凑痕迹,其实这拼凑之嫌,正是“肨”与“胖”的混讹不清所至。具体地说,成语中的“胖”亦应作“肨”,且当依从口语读作“pang4”,而非为“pan2”。“心广体胖(肨)”的本义应该是:心地宽阔则身丰体泰,即“体胖(肨)”就是肥胖的意思。</span> </font></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 14pt">总之,可纠“听”为“(耳+壬) ”,当正“胖”为“肨”。 </span></font></p>
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杨一光 发表于 2013-12-18 10:13

<A href="http://www.gwz.fudan.edu.cn/forum/forum.php?mod=viewthread&amp;tid=6892&amp;extra=page%3D1" target=_blank>《“江”、“河”是形声字吗?</A>》
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