曰古氏 发表于 2013-8-10 11:44

古文字中釋讀爲“助”的所謂“叀”字或當本是“菹”字之表意初文

本帖最后由 曰古氏 于 2013-8-19 08:29 编辑 <br /><br /><p><?xml:namespace prefix = p+class="msonormal"+style="line-height />
<p+class="msonormal"+style="line-height:150%"><?xml:namespace prefix = span+style="font-size /><span+style="font-size:14.0pt;+line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;times+new+roman&quot;;=""+mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;times+new+roman&quot;"="">古文字中釋讀爲“助”的所謂“叀”字或當本是“<span+style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体">菹”字之表意初文<SPAN+LANG="EN-US"><?xml:namespace prefix = o /><o:p></o:p></SPAN+LANG="EN-US"></span+style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体"></p+class="msonormal"+style="line-height:150%">
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<p+class="msonormal"+style="line-height:150%"><?xml:namespace prefix = span+lang="en-us"+style="font-size /><span+lang="en-us"+style="font-size:+14.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体"=""><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p>
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<p+class="msonormal"+style="text-indent:28.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span+style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;古文字中有類似“叀”字之形,原多釋讀爲“惠”,自清華簡(壹)與上博(八)公佈之後,學者多悟及釋讀爲“助”之字與所謂的“叀”字當爲二字。——其實,甲骨文中的這兩個字,無論從字形還是辭例上都是可以分別開來的(當然後來亦有譌混的情形),前輩學者早有論述,參看《甲骨文字釋林》李孝定等之說。<SPAN+LANG="EN-US"><o:p></o:p>
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<p+class="msonormal"+style="text-indent:28.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 /><st1:personname+productid="楊安"+w:st="on"><span+style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;+mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;times+new+roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;times+new+roman&quot;"="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 楊安<span+style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;times+new+roman&quot;;+mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;times+new+roman&quot;"="">先生《“助”字補說》(參本網站首發)亦正確指出“二字可以很清楚的分開的”,但是對於釋讀作“助”之字,認爲“其字形本意我們一時還找不到好的說法,暫時存疑”。<span+lang="en-us"+style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p></o:p>
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<span+style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;times+new+roman&quot;;+mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;times+new+roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;times+new+roman&quot;;=""+mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;=""+mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 今按:前人在釋讀甲骨文中類似字形時,曾提及釋爲後來幾乎沒人相信的“鬯”字。由此推測開來,同時仔細對比相關字形,我們很懷疑釋讀爲“助”之字或當本是“<span+style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;times+new+roman&quot;;+mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;=""+mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">菹”字之表意初文。
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曰古氏 发表于 2013-8-10 11:45

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:28.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体">如此,“菹”讀爲從“且”聲的“助”就順理成章了。同時,清華簡中見有加“肉”旁者,可視爲添加的意符(醃製的對象亦可是肉);添加“力”旁,則似是因爲此字很早就假借用作“助”(甲骨文中某些辭例即讀爲“助”)的緣故。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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曰古氏 发表于 2013-8-10 11:46

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:28.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体">有關論據羅列如下:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:28.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">【</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt">1</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">】、《說文》:“菹,酢菜也。从艸、沮聲。”段注:“酢菜也。酢今之醋字。菹須醯成味。周禮七菹,……。鄭曰:……,則菹之稱菜肉通。玉裁謂:韲菹皆本菜稱,用爲肉稱也。”“菹”即用鹽鹵等調料醃製之菜或肉。而甲骨文中的字形,中間主體部分與“鹵”字幾乎全同(鬯字部分亦有類似之處,鬯本香酒,酒亦需發酵,或因此而類同?),則字形中間主體部分解釋爲用鹵醃製菜的容器或當有據?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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曰古氏 发表于 2013-8-10 11:46

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:28.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">【</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt">2</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">】、釋爲“助”之字形,與“叀”字形不同之處有三(僅據時代較早的甲骨文而言):</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:28.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">一是,釋爲“助”之字,或可于中間主體部分加有小點;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:28.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">二是,釋爲“助”之字形中間多作“ⅹ”形,而釋“叀”之字多爲“+”形;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:28.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">三是,“ⅹ”形多有出頭且呈“屮”形者。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:28.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">此三處不同,據釋“</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体">菹”之說,</span><span style="font-size:
14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">亦可有解:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:28.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">一、加有小點,與“鹵”字類比,可視爲鹽粒之屬;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:28.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">二、“叀”前人多認爲是紡磚之形,紡磚用作紡綫,纏繞在紡磚上的綫條是有規律排列的(否則亂成一團就根本無法用于紡織),故“叀”字多作“+”形(或作两横);而釋爲“助”之字,因主體部分是醃製酢菜的罎子之類的容器,醃製時爲隔絕空氣需要對其進行纏繞包裹,纏繞包裹時並不需要繩子非常有規律地排列,故字形多作“ⅹ”形(表示綫繩之類可以有所交叉紊亂);</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">三、“叀”字形大都(幾乎全部)僅有一緒,因爲紡磚紡綫之時,所紡之綫頭僅有一個頭緒;而釋“菹”之字,可有三緒,即可表示纏繞在容器之外的綫繩頭緒可以有多個,因這種纏繞包裹的目的在于密封嚴實,故不限于一緒。</span></p>

yangan 发表于 2013-8-10 16:04

我當時想可確實可能是一種植物,但是沒想到是什麼,閣下之言愚以為可備一說,至少在現階段到可以解釋。
另,小文後來在《中國文字新37》有刊發,要較網文成熟一些。

曰古氏 发表于 2013-8-18 10:24

<p><span style="font-weight: bold;">&nbsp; &nbsp;《說文》將上從“三緒”下從心之字視作“惠”字古文,以爲“古文惠从芔”,這很可能是與甲骨文發現之後學者將“叀”、“菹(助)”混為一字那樣,也是將“菹(助)”字形誤混同于“叀”字形而導致的。</span></p>

曰古氏 发表于 2013-8-26 10:23

《書•多方》“爾曷不惠王熙天之命”,其中的“惠”字,亦有人指出當是誤釋,本當是“菹(助)”字。
   可參照:
    《書•多方》:“尔曷不忱裕之于尔多方?尔曷不夹介乂我周王享天之命?今尔尚宅尔宅,畋尔田,尔曷不惠王熙天之命?”
    《書•康诰》:“亦惟助王宅天命。”
    《書•酒诰》:“惟助成王德显越。”
   ————上言“夹介乂我周王”,“夹介乂”皆“助”義,下文“惠王熙天之命”結構類似,對比下面的兩條用“助”字文例,則“惠”恐本亦當是“菹(助)”字,後世經師照葫蘆畫瓢,誤釋爲“惠”,和《說文》將之視作“惠”字古文犯了同樣的錯誤。

野狼爹 发表于 2015-5-29 21:26

本帖最后由 野狼爹 于 2015-5-29 21:30 编辑 <br /><br /><p>有老師告知對此字的一些想法,與yangan兄意見類似,認為此字或許應該與植物有關。 </p>
<p>——《詩•豳風•七月》“九月叔苴”,《傳》:“苴,麻子也。”《莊子·讓王篇》“苴布之衣,而自飯牛”,《註》:“苴,有子麻也。”則此字或許是指麻子的“苴”字?</p>
<p>——麻子不知是啥樣?岡元鳳《毛詩品物圖考》也沒有畫圖,不過在“紵”(麻屬)下有圖,似乎與此形有點類似,然亦不知可信否?</p>
<p><img style="WIDTH: 163px; HEIGHT: 513px" border="0" width="645" height="838" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/05/29/20150529213008397001.jpg"><br>
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野狼爹 发表于 2015-5-29 21:39

本帖最后由 野狼爹 于 2015-5-29 21:58 编辑 <br /><br />有點懷疑《毛詩品物圖考》畫的麻實是蓖麻?<img style="WIDTH: 104px; HEIGHT: 162px" border="0" width="307" height="355" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/05/29/20150529215837185001.jpg"><br>
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野狼爹 发表于 2015-5-29 21:53

本帖最后由 野狼爹 于 2015-5-29 21:56 编辑 <br /><br /><p>古人所谓的苴麻,指大麻的雌株,也叫子麻。《梦溪笔谈·药议》:“大麻,一名火麻。雄者为枲,又曰牡麻;雌者为苴麻。”《本草纲目·穀一·大麻》:“雄者名枲麻,牡麻;雌者名苴麻,茡麻。”——然這種麻之籽形狀似與此字形無涉?<img style="WIDTH: 83px; HEIGHT: 85px" border="0" width="118" height="124" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/05/29/20150529215632949001.jpg"><br>
</p>
<p>又,古人所謂的苘麻,其籽實似乎也稍與此字形有關? <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; BACKGROUND: white; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><img style="WIDTH: 59px; HEIGHT: 101px" width="124" height="194" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/05/29/20150529215355607001.jpg"></span> 苘麻,又名白麻,通称青麻、野苎麻、八角乌、孔麻。《本草纲目》:“苘麻,今之白麻也,多生卑湿处,人亦种之。叶大如桐叶,团而有尖,六、七月开黄花,结实如半磨形,有齿,嫩青,老黑,中子扁黑,状如黄葵子,其茎轻虚洁白,北人取皮作麻。其嫩子。小儿亦食之。”</p>
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