jiagufengbao 发表于 2013-6-7 14:56

必须解放甲骨文释读的思想

本帖最后由 jiagufengbao 于 2013-6-8 12:13 编辑 <br /><br />必须解放甲骨文释读的思想</span><?XML:NAMESPACE+PREFIX+=+O+NS+=+"URN:SCHEMAS-MICROSOFT-COM:OFFICE:OFFICE"+ /><?xml:namespace prefix = o /><o:p></o:p></span>
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<P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-ALIGN:+center"+align=center><?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE /><SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-ascii-font-family:+'Times+New+Roman';+mso-hansi-font-family:+'Times+New+Roman'">——甲骨文释读方法新探(一)</span><?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE /><SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+31.5pt;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.25"><SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-ascii-font-family:+'Times+New+Roman';+mso-hansi-font-family:+'Times+New+Roman'">甲骨文释读的效率关键在于释读方法,传统释读方法中很少对甲骨文构字理念,即“构字者”心理活动的分析和研究。任何一种文字的形成之初都是一种心理活动的反映,寻找和发现这一心理活动可以为研究甲骨文源流及其释读寻找到新的方法。</span><SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+31.5pt;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.25"><SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-ascii-font-family:+'Times+New+Roman';+mso-hansi-font-family:+'Times+New+Roman'">在四大文明古国的文字系统,甲骨文构字理念极为特殊,“构字者”的心理活动表现也极为突出。首先,甲骨文是典型的说事(表意)文字,象形、会意、指事依次为主要特征。它并不注重表音,故甲骨文是典型的看图说事,“构字者”的心理活动是使文字的意思让人一看就明白是什么事儿。从很多甲骨文字的个体看,都是以说事为目的,其特征符合“象以典刑”的时代背景。其二,甲骨文是生活化的文字,很多甲骨文字的个体都是对日常生活和自然现象的表现,内含着人类行为以及人与人、人与自然的相互关系,比如木字、水字和牧字、追字,这说明甲骨文字的个体是以日常生活内容为基础,表现的是普通人的日常生活。其三,甲骨文是大众化的文字。甲骨文字的许多个体既然是以普通人的日常生活为素材,说明“构字者”的本意也是面向大众的,即来自于大众面向于大众。甲骨文之所以被看成“专有字”是占卜、祭祀权属于特定群体导致的,这并不等于甲骨文字不来自于大众。商代的普通民众是在政权和神权的双重压力下,在所谓“天意”的驱使下生活的,对文字的需求当然就很低。如果,甲骨文只是因商王祭祀的需要才创立的,何必要使用普通大众日常生活的符号呢。由此判断,甲骨文字不应该只是商代产物。</span><SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+31.5pt;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.25"><SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-ascii-font-family:+'Times+New+Roman';+mso-hansi-font-family:+'Times+New+Roman'">基于以上三点,甲骨文释读完全可以放在对甲骨文字组成结构的分析上,重点解读甲骨文字的“零件”究竟是什么器物的象形。只要一个器物被识别出来,所有带有这个“零件”的甲骨文就能够被批量释读,既解决了传统方法甲骨文释读效率极低的问题,也可以发现汉字偏旁部首产生的时代及其产生的原理。</span><SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+31.5pt;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.25"><SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-ascii-font-family:+'Times+New+Roman';+mso-hansi-font-family:+'Times+New+Roman'">比如,甲骨文</span><SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt"><?XML:NAMESPACE+PREFIX+=+V+NS+=+"URN:SCHEMAS-MICROSOFT-COM:VML"+ /><?xml:namespace prefix = v /><v:shapetype+id=_x0000_t75+stroked="f"+filled="f"+path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe"+o:preferrelative="t"+o:spt="75"+coordsize="21600,21600"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><img style="WIDTH: 21px; HEIGHT: 14px" height="22" width="28" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2013/06/08/20130608121128311001.jpg"></span> </v:shapetype+id=_x0000_t75+stroked="f"+filled="f"+path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe"+o:preferrelative="t"+o:spt="75"+coordsize="21600,21600"></span><SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-ascii-font-family:+'Times+New+Roman';+mso-hansi-font-family:+'Times+New+Roman'">被认定是口字,但是,带有口字的甲骨文很多不能被释读,原因在于我们仅看到了它的字形层次,对原型器物未做深层次分析,背离了甲骨文的象形本质特征。分析</span><SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt"><v:shape+id=_x0000_i1026+style="WIDTH:+21pt;+HEIGHT:+16.5pt"+type="#_x0000_t75"><img style="WIDTH: 21px; HEIGHT: 14px" height="22" width="28" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2013/06/08/20130608121128311001.jpg"><v:imagedata+o:title=""+src="file: C:\DOCUME~1\DELL\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.png?></span><SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-ascii-font-family:+'Times+New+Roman';+mso-hansi-font-family:+'Times+New+Roman'">是什么器物,我们要抛开现在,甚至抛开商代,回到远古,<img style="WIDTH: 21px; HEIGHT: 14px" height="22" width="28" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2013/06/08/20130608121128311001.jpg"><SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt"><v:shape+id=_x0000_i1027+style="WIDTH:+21pt;+HEIGHT:+16.5pt"+type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata+o:title=""+src="file: C:\DOCUME~1\DELL\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.png?></span><SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-ascii-font-family:+'Times+New+Roman';+mso-hansi-font-family:+'Times+New+Roman'">是最基本的陶制器物——缶。这个“缶”恰恰是一个偏旁部首。我们再分析缶的材质,又得到了瓦和石两个字,这恰恰又是两个偏旁部首。难道篆文的“构字者”是跳过了甲骨文回到了远古吗?西周金文否定了这种想法。这说明篆文的“构字者”对甲骨文进行了整理规范和字符细分,将甲骨文推向了篆文。</span><SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+31.5pt;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.25"><SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-ascii-font-family:+'Times+New+Roman';+mso-hansi-font-family:+'Times+New+Roman'">我们看磬和罄这两个字,它们为什么同义又同音,因为,石、缶的远祖是同一器物<img style="WIDTH: 21px; HEIGHT: 14px" height="22" width="28" src="/forum/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2013/06/08/20130608121128311001.jpg"><SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt"><v:shape+id=_x0000_i1028+style="WIDTH:+21pt;+HEIGHT:+16.5pt"+type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata+o:title=""+src="file: C:\DOCUME~1\DELL\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.png?></span><SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-ascii-font-family:+'Times+New+Roman';+mso-hansi-font-family:+'Times+New+Roman'">。缶是器物的名称,石是器物的材质。这同时也为我们解释了另一个问题,石字为什么有两个发音。其一,表示材质的读音食;其二,表示器物的读音但,二者相合表示——石质的缶,读为石(音但),后来成为了古代沿用了很久的量词。</span><SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt"><o:p></o:p></span>
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潇潇伊人无悔 发表于 2013-9-22 19:12

很有启发。谢谢分享
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