也談《大學》“止於至善”的釋讀

曰古氏 发表于 2013-5-3 12:59

也談《大學》“止於至善”的釋讀

本帖最后由曰古氏于 2013-5-3 13:01 编辑 <?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE /><SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-CN;+mso-bidi-font-family:+'Times+New+Roman';+mso-font-kerning:+1.0pt;+mso-ansi-language:+EN-US;+mso-bidi-language:+AR-SA">也談《大學》“止於至善”的釋讀 <?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN /><P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+28pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.0"><SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体">《大學》首句：“<?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE /><SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW">大學之道，在明明德，在新民，在止<SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体">於<SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW">至善。”<?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE /><SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"><?XML:NAMESPACE+PREFIX+=+O+NS+=+"URN:SCHEMAS-MICROSOFT-COM:OFFICE:OFFICE"+ /><?xml:namespace prefix = o /><o:p></o:p>
<P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+28pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.0"><SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW">或以爲“止於至善”的“止”，可能本作“之”，當讀爲“志”，並引《孔子家語·好生》“期于至善”相比照。（<SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体">參<?XML:NAMESPACE+PREFIX+=+ST1+NS+=+"URN:SCHEMAS-MICROSOFT-COM:OFFICE:SMARTTAGS"+ style="FONT-FAMILY: " /><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 /><st1:PersonName+w:st="on"+ProductID="李銳" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">李銳</st1:PersonName+w:st="on"+ProductID="李銳"><SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: "><SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">先生《大學“止于至善”的經傳異義》一文）<SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: "><o:p style="FONT-FAMILY: "></o:p>
<P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+28pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.0" style="FONT-FAMILY: "><SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">今按：認爲<SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">“止<SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">於<SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">至善”的“止”可能本作“之”<SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">（<st1:PersonName+w:st="on"+ProductID="于省吾" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">于省吾</st1:PersonName+w:st="on"+ProductID="于省吾">先生很早就指出，《詩經》中有些“止”本當是“之”）<SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">，<SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">這當是可信的。<SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW;+mso-bidi-font-family:+Calibri" style="FONT-FAMILY: "><?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = SPAN+style="mso-tab-count /><SPAN+style="mso-tab-count:+1" style="FONT-FAMILY: "> +<SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-bidi-font-family:+Calibri" style="FONT-FAMILY: "><o:p style="FONT-FAMILY: "></o:p>
<P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+28pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.0" style="FONT-FAMILY: "><SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">今人在譯注這句話時，有的雖然沒有明確說<SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">“止”本作“之”<SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">（+“之”的本義是即“到……去”），但其實在譯文中已經是這麽處理的了。<SPAN+LANG=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: "><o:p style="FONT-FAMILY: "></o:p>
<P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+28pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.0" style="FONT-FAMILY: "><SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">比如，<SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">貴州人民出版社《四書全譯》譯為：“大學的原則，在於發揚光明的德性，革新民心，達到完善。”譯者省譯了後兩個“在”字的譯文，補充之後，“止於至善”即翻譯成“在於達到完善”，正是以“達到”譯“止（之）”字。<SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: "><o:p style="FONT-FAMILY: "></o:p>
<P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+28pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.0" style="FONT-FAMILY: "><SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">而認爲字<SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">當讀爲“志”<SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">，卻恐不可信。至於<SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">引《孔子家語·好生》“期于至善”相比照<SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">，恐二者也不存在可比性。<SPAN+LANG=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: "><o:p style="FONT-FAMILY: "></o:p>
<P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+28pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.0" style="FONT-FAMILY: "><SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">仔細體味《大學》中這句話的意思，<SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">“止<SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">於<SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">至善”<SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">前面的“在”字，其實就已經表明了“至善”之境界爲“大學之道”要達成的目標，而將“止”讀爲“志”，“志”字同樣是含有“志向、期望”之意，與“在”字之意味重複。<SPAN+LANG=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: "><o:p style="FONT-FAMILY: "></o:p>
<P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+28pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.0" style="FONT-FAMILY: "><SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">要是翻譯成白話文的話，則爲“在於期望（達到）<SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">完善<SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">”，意思上也是彆扭的。——<SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">+<SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">人人莫不期於“至善”，何以偏偏“大學之道”要强調“期望（達到）<SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">完善”<SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">呢？而且，“期望（達到）<SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">完善”<SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">就是最終目標了麼？那樣的話，一個人現在就“期望（達到）<SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">完善”<SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">了（亦即一心期盼達到完善），那他不是就已經做到“大學之道”了嚒？——可見，“止”字不能讀爲“志”，而只能讀爲“之”，訓爲“達到”。<SPAN+LANG=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: "><o:p style="FONT-FAMILY: "></o:p>
<P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+28pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.0" style="FONT-FAMILY: "><st1:PersonName+w:st="on"+ProductID="聞一多" style="FONT-FAMILY: "><SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">聞一多</st1:PersonName+w:st="on"+ProductID="聞一多"><SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体" style="FONT-FAMILY: ">先生曾經說過：“要發現問題，可用翻譯法求之。因要翻譯，意義非確定不可，這就知哪裡成問題了。”以翻譯法驗證“止”字的釋讀，或可又爲聞說增加一例。<SPAN+LANG=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: "><o:p style="FONT-FAMILY: "></o:p>
</SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+28pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.0"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+28pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.0"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+28pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.0"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+28pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.0"></SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"></SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+28pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.0"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+28pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.0"></SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-bidi-font-family:+Calibri"></SPAN+style="mso-tab-count:+1"></SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW;+mso-bidi-font-family:+Calibri"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+28pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.0"></SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"></SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"></SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"></P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt;+TEXT-INDENT:+28pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+mso-char-indent-count:+2.0"></SPAN+lang=EN-US+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"></SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+ZH-TW"></SPAN+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+LINE-HEIGHT:+150%;+FONT-FAMILY:+宋体"></SPAN+lang=ZH-TW+style="FONT-SI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yctaolei 发表于 2013-5-4 19:33

关于“止于至善”，鄙人有一想法，其并非大学之道的最高目标，而是修身为道之初阶，最高目标乃是“明明德”。止，《大学》传之三章有解释，朱熹释为居也，是可取的，不必转释为之或志。“止于至善”言修身当有至善之心，即所谓正心。正心，据《大学》传之七章，当理解为定心，《大学》经中有“知止而后有定”，是其义。善非善良之义，而是好的意思，定心即是心的最好的状态。这样理解，三纲领八条目，内容是一致的，只不过，八条目讲得更细罢了。《性自命出》“学者隶其心为难”，隶字整理者以为是求之误字，或当从本字读，《说文》隶，及也。所谓及其心，或就是心有所止之意。《性自命出》后面说，“从其所为近得之矣”，相当于《大学》的诚其意。将“止于至善”理解为大学之最高目标，系受宋人读法之影响，宋人说《大学》是讲为学之次第，其实讲错了。

李锐发表于 2013-5-8 12:10

曰古氏注意到小文，非常感谢！但这是一篇压缩稿，人大某次会议的论文集至今未出，那上面有一篇文章比较详细。
读为什么字，似乎还要考虑紧随其后的知止而后有定等语。读为“之”我也考虑过，但是“之于至善”这样以之为动词的用法，似乎罕见。不知可有具体例子。

曰古氏 发表于 2013-5-9 10:57

噢，原来问题在这里呢。
在下是这样理解的：
“知止”的“止”同样读为“之”，做代词，指代上面的“大學之道，在明明德，在新民，在止（之）於至善”一句话（简单些说“知之”就是“知道大学的道理”）。
因为前面“止（之）於至善”字写作“止”，所以为求统一，“知之”的“之”也就写成“止”了。至于后面阐发的传文“止于丘隅”之类，则似当是大作所谓后人作传时误解经文字义而加以阐发，牵强附会所致吧？

曰古氏 发表于 2013-5-9 11:07

而且啊，“大學之道，在明明德，在親民，在止於至善。”（紧接着）+“知止而後有定，……”
诸位读起来难道不觉得奇怪么？前面的“大學之道”明明列出了三个目标，而随后进一步阐述则仅仅接着“知止”（即仅是第三个目标）而言，完全对另外两个目标视而不见的。
而如果将“知止”读为“知之”，则“之”指代前一句“大學之道，在明明德，在親民，在止於至善”，这样就把三个目标全部包括进去了，就不存在所谓的奇怪现象了吧？

李锐发表于 2013-5-9 12:59

读知止为知之是一个新见。
鄙意则是从《论语》、《学记》、《新语》及朱熹陈确之文考虑读为“知志”。
可以再玩味。

马陵发表于 2013-8-9 11:33

愚意以为还是应当作“处”解，屈曲回绕，皆非字之本意。甲文之“止”不就是象形吗？古文中所见的“止”，也多取此意。曰古氏训“知止而后有定”之“止”为“之”，作代词解，那“止”字作“处”解也没有问题吧？

xzjgw 发表于 2013-8-10 11:11

本帖最后由 xzjgw 于 2013-8-10 11:18 编辑 这本来是个不需要讨论的问题，止在东汉《说文解字》时，其本义就是“下基也”，止於相当于现在所谓的“基于”，这与期於相当于现在的所谓“合於”一样。我们只要按《说文解字》里的字义去正常解释，问题是不存在的。

行之发表于 2016-1-13 15:23

心之所安爲止。具体到此处为保持，安住。止于至善，长久保持在“至善”的境地。解释为“之”（到达）似不确。

遂昌樵夫 发表于 2017-9-9 21:47

本帖最后由遂昌樵夫于 2017-9-9 22:11 编辑 《大學》首句：“<span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word; font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(252, 248, 241);">大學之道，在明明德，在亲民，在止<span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word;">於<span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word;">至善。”</span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw"></span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体"></span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw">
<span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word; font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(252, 248, 241);"><span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> 
</span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw"></span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体"></span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw">
<span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word; font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(252, 248, 241);"><span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word;">这是渐进过程，修为也</span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw"></span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体"></span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw">
<span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word; font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(252, 248, 241);"><span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> 
</span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw"></span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体"></span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw">
<span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word; font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(252, 248, 241);"><span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word;">明明德，第一个明是我之神明，即心脑身体形成的人的意识，智慧。第二个明是指日月星辰之明，是指天道（天地）之德曰生。明白四时行万物生的道理,泛指自然规律，如有五音，五色，24节气。九德等等总结</span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw"></span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体"></span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw">
<span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word; font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(252, 248, 241);"><span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> 
</span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw"></span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体"></span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw">
<span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word; font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(252, 248, 241);"><span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word;">在亲民，不是新哈，这是朱熹的误会，导致一字之差，他的思想僵化，新民，是单向新民，亲是互动式新己新民。</span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw"></span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体"></span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw">
<span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word; font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(252, 248, 241);"><span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> 
</span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw"></span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体"></span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw">
<span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word; font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(252, 248, 241);"><span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word;">在止<span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; word-wrap: break-word;">於<span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word;">至善，止，静止，止观，整句，有至静至诚的意思，理解各方面的规律，了明自然规律，了明民情（他的状况，需求，及人本来的规律，渴望）</span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw"></span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体"></span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw"></span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体"></span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw">
<span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word; font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(252, 248, 241);"><span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; word-wrap: break-word;"><span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> 
</span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw"></span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体"></span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw"></span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体"></span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw">
<span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word; font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(252, 248, 241);"><span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; word-wrap: break-word;"><span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word;">这句，其实是道心人心，客观条件与价值取向的执中。那十六字心决。</span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw"></span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体"></span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw"></span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体"></span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw">
<span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word; font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(252, 248, 241);"><span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; word-wrap: break-word;"><span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word;">道心微，人心危（安危意识），惟精一，允执中</span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw"></span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体"></span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw"></span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体"></span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw">
<span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word; font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(252, 248, 241);"><span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; word-wrap: break-word;"><span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw" style="word-wrap: break-word;"> 
</span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw"></span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体"></span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw"></span+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体"></span+lang=zh-tw+style="font-size:+14pt;+line-height:+150%;+font-family:+宋体;+mso-fareast-language:+zh-tw">

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出土文献与古文字研究学术论坛's Archiver

也談《大學》“止於至善”的釋讀