《殷本紀》世系次序或不爲誤？

曰古氏 发表于 2013-5-3 11:44

本帖最后由曰古氏于 2013-5-3 13:18 编辑 <FONT+FACE=宋体><?XML:NAMESPACE+PREFIX+=+FONT+STYLE="FONT-SIZE++ /><?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = FONT+style="FONT-SIZE /><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt"><?XML:NAMESPACE+PREFIX+=+FONT+STYLE="FONT-FAMILY+ /><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+">《殷本紀》世系次序或不爲誤？
<FONT+FACE=宋体><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt"><?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = FONT+style="FONT-FAMILY /><FONT+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-FAMILY:+">
<?XML:NAMESPACE+PREFIX+=+P+CLASS=MSONORMAL+STYLE="MARGIN+++ /><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"><?XML:NAMESPACE+PREFIX+=+STRONG+STYLE="FONT-FAMILY+ /><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+">     上個世紀20年代，<?XML:NAMESPACE+PREFIX+=+FONT+FACE=宋体+STYLE="FONT-FAMILY++STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:+"+ style="FONT-FAMILY: " />王國維發表《殷卜辭中所見先公先王考》一文，利用甲骨文資料校訂司馬遷《史記·殷本紀》中對殷商王朝世系記載的錯誤，即：上甲以後的世系次序應為“報乙—報丙—報丁—【示壬—示癸】”，而《史記·殷本紀》誤為“報丁—報乙—報丙—【主壬—主癸】”。<?XML:NAMESPACE+PREFIX+=+BR+STYLE="FONT-FAMILY++STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:+"+ style="FONT-FAMILY: " />   <?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY /><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = P+style="FONT-FAMILY /><P+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><?XML:NAMESPACE+PREFIX+=+FONT+FACE=宋体+STYLE="FONT-FAMILY+ /><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><?XML:NAMESPACE+PREFIX+=+BR+STYLE="FONT-FAMILY+ /><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+">      幾十年來，好像沒有甲骨學者對此提出异議，都將此說視作王國維甲骨研究上的重大貢獻。</STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = BR+style="FONT-FAMILY /><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+">   </STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+">
<P+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = FONT+FACE=宋体+style="FONT-FAMILY /><FONT+FACE=宋体+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+">   不過，在下讀過幾條甲骨片之後，對此說稍有疑惑：</STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+">   </STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+FACE=宋体+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+">
<P+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+FACE=宋体+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+">     1、首先，從心理學角度說，當撰文或抄寫之人，在遇到容易混淆的幾個並列人名之時，往往會自覺不自覺地提高警惕，防止出錯。何以《殷本紀》其他先公先王地次序不誤，而獨獨這三個“報字輩”的人名搞錯了呢？</STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+">   </STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+FACE=宋体+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+">
<P+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+FACE=宋体+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+">     2、如果說上條想法是以今度古算不得數的話，那麽我們還可以從訓詁學上所謂的“隨文釋義”原則來作類比。前人早已指出，《說文》中對字義的解釋，往往是這個字通常的意義；而當這個字放入具體某部典籍中時，又往往會隨著上下文的不同而産生新的意思。</STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+">    </STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+FACE=宋体+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+">
<P+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+FACE=宋体+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+">     同樣道理，司馬遷撰寫《史記·殷本紀》，是在寫史書，他要做的是嚴格按照世系先後排比先公先王的次序；而甲骨文材料呢，記載的卻是祭祀殷商先公先王之事，包括祭祀的規模（比如用多少頭牛多少人牲之類）以及祭祀的順序（按日子先後進行祭祀）等，並非是在寫史書。</STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+">     </STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+FACE=宋体+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+">
<P+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+FACE=宋体+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+">     這樣或就可以解釋，爲什麽甲骨文記載這三個“報字輩”的人名要排列成“報乙—報丙—報丁”了，因爲這是三個“報字輩”的人的祭祀順序，而不是這三個“報字輩”的人的世系先後。</STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+">      </STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+FACE=宋体+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+">
<P+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+FACE=宋体+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+">     3、附加一條可以與此類比的甲骨文材料：</STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><?XML:NAMESPACE+PREFIX+=+SPAN+STYLE="FONT-SIZE+++STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:+"+ /><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"> </STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+FACE=宋体+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+">
<P+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+FACE=宋体+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+">     甲午貞：乙未酒高祖亥……大乙羌五牛三，祖乙羌……小乙羌三牛二，父丁羌五牛三，無害。茲用，（《甲骨文合集》</STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><?XML:NAMESPACE+PREFIX+=+SPAN+LANG=EN-US+STYLE="FONT-FAMILY++STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:+"+ /><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+">32087）</STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+">   </STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+FACE=宋体+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+">
<P+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+FACE=宋体+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><?XML:NAMESPACE+PREFIX+=+SPAN+LANG=EN-US+STYLE="FONT-FAMILY+ /><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+">     因爲貞卜的是“乙未”這天祭祀的情况，所以幾個先公先王全都是名“乙”者，而“大乙（商湯）”和“祖乙”之間相隔數代人，但肯定沒有人會認爲“大乙（商湯）”和“祖乙”之間會有什麽繼承關係的吧。</STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+">   <FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+FACE=宋体+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+">
<P+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+FACE=宋体+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = SPAN+LANG=EN-US+style="FONT-FAMILY /><SPAN+LANG=EN-US+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+">     同樣的道理或可推論：王國維所使用的那條材料：</FONT+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+">
<P+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+">
<P+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><?XML:NAMESPACE+PREFIX+=+P+CLASS=MSONORMAL+STYLE="MARGIN++STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:+"+ /><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+">     乙未酒系品上甲十，匚乙三，匚丙三，匚丁三，示壬三，示癸三，大乙十，大丁十，大甲十，大庚七，小甲三……三祖乙……（《甲骨文合集》32384）</STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-FAMILY:+">   </FONT+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+">
<P+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><?XML:NAMESPACE+PREFIX+=+P+CLASS=MSONORMAL+STYLE="MARGIN+ /><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+">     之所以這條甲骨文中如此排列“匚乙－匚丙－匚丁”三人的次序，是因爲這是記載相互連續的三人的祭祀順序，而不是他們三個人的世系先後。</FONT+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></FONT+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+">
<P+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"></STRONG+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+">
<?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN /><P+class=MsoNormal+style="MARGIN:+0cm+0cm+0pt"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><P+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><BR+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+FACE=宋体+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt;+FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-SIZE:+14pt"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"><FONT+style="FONT-FAMILY:+eWebEditor_Temp_FontName">      論壇有些沉寂，發個帖子攪攪。這是讀甲骨相關文章時的一點疑惑，不一定成立，歡迎甲骨學方面的高人多予指教。</FONT+style="FONT-FAMILY:+"+style="FONT-FAMILY:+">
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曰古氏 发表于 2013-5-3 11:53

本帖最后由曰古氏于 2013-5-3 13:10 编辑      關于商人用日干爲名的原則，前輩學者多有討論，至今似無定論。
     不過，按照商人逢事必占的脾氣，推測用日干爲名這種事恐怕也不會例外的吧。
   ——如果這種推測不誤的話，占卜的結果充滿了隨機性，而祖孫四代人在命名時進行占卜的結果恰好分別是“甲乙丙丁”的可能性幾乎不存在，這也許可以反過來證明司馬遷《殷本紀》中的世系次序是正確的，而卜辭的人名次序不可用來否定《殷本紀》的記載。

曰古氏 发表于 2013-5-13 10:47

本帖最后由曰古氏于 2013-5-13 10:51 编辑  再補充一個更直接些的證據。卜辭有： 
           貞，禦自唐、大甲、大丁、祖乙百羌、百牢。（《甲骨文合集》300.1） 
      高明先生《中國古文字學通論》選讀部分選有此片，注釋云：
      商王世系應爲大乙、大丁、大甲，此辭言自唐、大甲、大丁，輩次搞錯。（見其書第288頁） 
      按：此辭恐不誤，可能倒是高先生囿于成見導致理解錯誤。 
      根據以上所做的推論，“大甲”之所以列于“大丁”之前，乃是祭祀次序，而非言其輩次世系先後也。
       ——“唐”即成湯，又稱“大乙”，是殷商開國之君，故祭祀莫有先于其人者，而隨後的“大丁（湯之子）”、“大甲（湯之孫）”二人，作爲世系先後，“大丁（湯之子）”自當列在“大甲（湯之孫）”之前，而作爲祭祀順序，“甲”日在“丁”日之前，故卜辭自然要將“大甲（湯之孫）”列于“大丁（湯之子）”之前了。

曰古氏 发表于 2013-5-13 10:54

看來上述推論還是能够找到證據的，不知道甲骨文中涉及世系者是否還有類似證據，且待有時間再細細搜檢一番。

曰古氏 发表于 2013-5-13 11:24

現在回過頭來再看前輩學者遇到出土材料與典籍記載不一致時的反應：     一位認爲傳世典籍《史記》記載有誤，一位認爲出土的甲骨卜辭搞錯了。     其實，出土材料與典籍記載可能都不誤，而很可能是個人理解有誤。     ——當然，這也與個人所見到的材料多少有很大關係。如果甲骨卜辭中含有大量的商王世系不按照《史記·殷本紀》中所記載的世系先後排列，而是按照天干次序排列的話，相信任何一個人都會意識到：《史記·殷本紀》與甲骨卜辭史源不同，各有典據，是不可用其中一種記載來否定另外一種記載的。

曰古氏 发表于 2013-5-16 12:12

本帖最后由曰古氏于 2013-5-16 12:16 编辑 <FONT+FACE="TIMES+NEW+ROMAN"+SIZE=3>備注：        1、裘先生曾論及卜辭中所見的“逆祀”。以上所論，和所謂的“逆祀”應該不是一回事。        不過，檢裘先生文中舉過的例子，發現最後一例（嚴一萍先生所綴合）似乎可以證明以上說法：
     乙巳卜大？：侑大乙母妣丙一牝。不。
     乙巳卜大？：侑外丙。
     丙午卜大？：侑大丁牡用。（《甲骨文合集》19817）
     此版所記，祭外丙在大丁之前，嚴先生以爲是文武丁“復古”的一種特殊安排，裘先生以爲是“逆祀”。
    而用上述說法，因天干次序是“乙－丙－丁”，故祭祀三位先王的順序就成了“大乙－外丙－大丁”了。——此版卜辭爲上說又添一例。
     2、十年前剛買到高明先生《通論》之時，讀到那條卜辭，正好剛看過王國維的《先公先王考》，當時打了個問號在旁邊，因爲王國維用卜辭來校正《殷本紀》，在下就疑惑：爲何高明先生不用這條卜辭來校正《殷本紀》呢？到今天才剛回過味來，想得有點頭緒了。

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《殷本紀》世系次序或不爲誤？