陈民镇 发表于 2013-1-23 00:22

清華簡《說命上》的“陀+土”

<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=7><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">《說命上》的“陀+土”，學者有許多討論。整理者讀作“隨”，廖名春先生讀作“墮”，黃傑先生讀作“地”，侯乃峰先生讀作“脫”，楊蒙生先生讀作“馳”，不一而足。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=7><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">我們知道，“陀+土”在楚簡中常常讀作“施”。《論語·微子》云：“君子不施其親。”朱熹《論語集注》云：“施，陸氏本作弛，福本同……弛，遺棄也。”朱駿聲《說文通訓定聲·隨部》說：“施，叚借爲弛。”“施”與“弛”有許多相通的例子。“弛”有捨棄的意義。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">《左傳》莊公二十二年杜注：“弛，去離也。”《淮南子·原道訓》高注：“弛，舍也。”《廣韻·紙韻》：“弛，釋也。”可見，【</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">陀+土】讀作“施/弛”是很順暢的，准此，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">“【</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">陀+土】</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">仲之自行”可與前面的“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">旋保</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">以</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">逝</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">”相照應。筆者將整句斷作：</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class=p0><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p><FONT size=7></FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=7><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">說于【宀韋】伐失仲，一豕</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">乃</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">旋保</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">以</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">逝，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">廼</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">踐</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">邑人皆從</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">一豕</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">弛</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">仲之自行，是爲赤</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">孚</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '楷体_GB2312'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">之戎。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><!--EndFragment-->

陈民镇 发表于 2013-1-23 00:23

    一些學者認爲這裏出現兩個“一豕”與前面失仲殺“一豕”相悖，其實不然，“一豕”不過是個代號，這裏的兩個“一豕”都是指剩下的那個“牡豕”。整句話的意思是：傅說到【宀韋】地討伐失仲，“一豕”見機跑了，失仲的城邑被攻陷，城邑裏的百姓也跟著“一豕”走了；“一豕”拋棄失仲獨自出走，這群人後來成爲了“赤孚之戎”。筆者於“邑人皆從”之後斷，避免語句的啰嗦。“一豕弛仲之自行，是爲赤孚之戎”一句事實上是補充交代。
页: [1]
查看完整版本: 清華簡《說命上》的“陀+土”