清華簡《五紀》研讀
<p style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif"><span style="font-family:KaiXinSongA;">清華簡《五紀》:「索</span><span><img src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/12/18/20211218040747112001.png" width="17" height="17"></span><span style="font-family:KaiXinSongA;">因</span><span><img src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/12/18/20211218040747818002.png" width="17" height="17"><img src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/12/18/20211218040747745003.png" width="17" height="17"><img src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/12/18/20211218040747010004.png" width="17" height="17"></span><span style="font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">,五算</span><sub><span>16</span></sub><span><img src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/12/18/20211218040748414005.png" width="17" height="17"></span><span style="font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">(合)參,豊(禮)義所止,</span><span><img src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/12/18/20211218040748156006.png" width="17" height="17"></span><span style="font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">(愛)中(忠)</span><span><img src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/12/18/20211218040748754007.png" width="17" height="17"></span><span style="font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">(輔)</span><span><img src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/12/18/20211218040748489008.png" width="17" height="17"></span><span style="font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">(仁),建才(在)父母,巨(矩)方</span><span><span><img src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/12/18/20211218040748967009.jpg" width="17" height="17"></span></span><span style="font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">員(圓)</span><span style="font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">,行用共(恭)祀</span><span style="font-family:
等线;
">。<sub><span>17</span></sub></span><span style="font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">」</span></p>
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">【按】整理者將簡</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
">17</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">“</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:楷体,楷体_GB2312;
">巨方<span><img src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/12/18/20211218040748985010.jpg" width="17" height="17"></span>員</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">”讀爲“矩方規圓”,以“</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
"><img src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/12/18/20211218040748614011.jpg" width="17" height="17"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">”爲</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;">{</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">規</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;">}</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">,其說謂</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:等线;
">“</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:楷体,楷体_GB2312;
"><img src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/12/18/20211218040748932012.jpg" width="17" height="17"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:楷体,楷体_GB2312;
">,從耑聲,讀爲「規」。規,支部字,古音支部與歌部音近,對轉與元部「耑」聲字相通。或以爲「規」爲形聲字,從夫,見聲,如小徐本《説文》;「見」爲元部字,與「耑」聲字相通。義楚觶之「觶」字作「耑」、「鍴」。觶,支部字,從元部「單」聲,異體又作「<span><img src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/12/18/20211218040748214013.png" width="17" height="17"></span>」。參看王國維《釋觶觛卮<span><img src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/12/18/20211218040748193014.png" width="17" height="17"><img src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/12/18/20211218040748418015.png" width="17" height="17"></span>》(收入《觀堂集林》卷六,《王國維全集》第八卷,浙江教育出版社、廣東教育出版社,二〇一〇年,第一九一—一九二頁)。</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:等线;
">”</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">按:其說不確。耑聲字與“規”字上古音聲韻皆遠,耑聲字古音在端組元</span><sub><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
">3</span></sub><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">部或端組歌</span><sub><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
">3</span></sub><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">部,諧聲類型爲</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
">*Ton/*Toj</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">;</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
">“</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">規</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
">”</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">字古音在見組支部,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
">*K</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;
">ʷ</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
">e</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">。若以“</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
"><img src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/12/18/20211218040748005016.jpg" width="17" height="17"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">”字爲耑聲字,則“</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
"><img src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/12/18/20211218040748397017.jpg" width="17" height="17"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">”必不可能“音近”通假爲</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
">{</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">規</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
">}</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">。根據文意,此處“</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
"><img src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/12/18/20211218040748005016.jpg" width="17" height="17"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">”字記錄的詞大概也是“所以爲圓者”。據音義推源,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
"> <span>{</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">團</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
">}{</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">轉</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
">}{</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">縳</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
">}{</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">篿</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
">}{</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">摶</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
">}{</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体-方正超大字符集;
">𤮍</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
">}</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">等詞同有圓轉之語源義,頗疑此處記錄的詞大概也與它們爲同源詞,或許就是《周禮</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'微软雅黑',sans-serif;
">‧</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;">考工記</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'微软雅黑',sans-serif;
">‧</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;">瓬人》“</span><span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:楷体,楷体_GB2312;">器中膞,豆中縣。膞崇四尺,方四寸”</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">所記錄的製作陶器的旋盤之詞</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
">{</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">膞(</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体-方正超大字符集;
">𤮍</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">)</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
">}</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:KaiXinSongA;
">。</span>
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