談五一廣場東漢簡和吳簡中的“ 【艹麤】”
<div style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt" size="7" face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br></span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt" size="7" face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">五一廣場東漢簡中有如下簡文:</span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt" face="楷体,楷体_GB2312"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">1、永元十七年二月乙酉朔廿一日乙巳,右部勸農賊捕掾悝、游徼光、市亭長則叩頭死罪敢言之:帶肆女子陳任詣則告:辤履所有青糸(絲)葌之市,解置肆前……</span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">                                           二一七二木兩行2010CWJ1③:269 A面</span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><font face="楷体,楷体_GB2312"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> 2、……有頃欲起,不知葌所在,輒訊問任、知狀女子馬親、陳信、王義等,辤皆曰:縣民,各有盧舍御門都亭部,相比近知習,各占租坐賣糤帶爲事。任今月十七……</span></font></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">                         三○四木兩行2010CWJ1③:140 </span></span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt" face="楷体,楷体_GB2312"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">3、……叔異發簏出所得衣物,猛見衣,問叔異所若得之。叔異佁(詒)謂猛:我往時為人治病得之。其日假猛於市賣絲葌一梁(兩),直(值)五百五十;絳直領一,直(值)千;生絏布單一,直(值)二百八十;縹細致繻表一,直(值)百……</span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">              六四六+五八七 木两行2010CWJ1③:261-137 + 261-68</span></span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><font face="楷体,楷体_GB2312"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> 4、……□旬韋葌二兩。純郡等將兵廿餘人,掩覆主家。主妻念懷……□隋佁(詒)純等調逐事。伍長純著黃綬,稱故尉揰䩔,詭課男女……</span></font></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">                                   四〇九 木兩行2010CWJ1③201-18 </span></span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt" face="楷体,楷体_GB2312"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">5、 王世、石澨正月不處日共盜蔡翕犬,逢戎從趙奴市木葌,故縹居諸見掩……</span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">                                       一一二二兩行2010CWJ1③G64—276 A面</span></span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt" face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">以上所引簡文五見“葌”字,分別作如下之形:</span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">1、</span><img _height="65" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163617920001.jpg" alt="" width="114" border="0"><img _height="67" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163617271002.jpg" alt="" width="118" border="0"></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">2、</span><img _height="62" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163617987003.jpg" alt="" width="144" border="0"><img _height="63" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163617417004.jpg" alt="" width="127" border="0"></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">3、</span><img _height="54" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163617756005.jpg" alt="" width="115" border="0"><img _height="55" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163617374006.jpg" alt="" width="127" border="0"></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">4、</span><img _height="70" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163617821007.jpg" alt="" width="81" border="0"><img _height="70" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163617265008.jpg" alt="" width="86" border="0"></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">5、</span><img _height="87" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163617158009.jpg" alt="" width="76" border="0"><img _height="89" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618531010.jpg" alt="" width="76" border="0"></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt" face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">形體看上去似乎釋為“葌”沒有問題,但其實这一隸釋是錯誤的。</span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt" face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">    馬王堆帛書中有如下之形的字:</span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span><img _height="100" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618499011.jpg" alt="" width="61" border="0"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span><img _height="100" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618616012.jpg" alt="" width="71" border="0"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span><img _height="97" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618906013.jpg" alt="" width="54" border="0"></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt" face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">看上去像是三個“女”旁組成的一個字,朱德熙先生和裘錫圭先生曾指出這個字應該是“麤”字,即三個“鹿”字省寫後,變得與三個“女”字很像。馬王堆帛書中“塵”字作如下之形:</span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span><img _height="85" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618928014.jpg" alt="" width="83" border="0"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span><img _height="85" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618981015.jpg" alt="" width="82" border="0"></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt" face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">上部所从的三个“鹿”也省写成了类似三个“女”字形。</span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt" face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">     由以上引證可知前引五一廣場簡的“葌”字所从的“姦”其實也是“麤”字的省寫,字應該釋為“</span><img _height="16" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618703016.jpg" alt="" width="15" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”。《說文》“</span><img _height="15" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618896017.jpg" alt="" width="14" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">,艸履也,从艸麤聲。”《釋名·釋衣服》: “屨,荊州人曰麤,麻、韋、草皆同名也。”《急就篇》顏注:“麤者,麻枲雜履之名也。”“</span><img _height="16" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618989018.jpg" alt="" width="15" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”字典籍又作“麤”,因常用來指草履,故又加“艸”旁作“</span><img _height="14" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618645019.jpg" alt="" width="14" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”。上引諸簡文中的“</span><img _height="16" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618989018.jpg" alt="" width="15" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”,在文中就用為指“履”義的“</span><img _height="15" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618059020.jpg" alt="" width="14" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”。其中1的“辤(人名)履所有青糸(絲)葌之市”就是“辤穿著他自己所有的用青絲編織的鞋前往市場”的意思,“</span><img _height="15" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618896017.jpg" alt="" width="14" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”用為“履”的意思極為顯豁。簡文中的“</span><img _height="15" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618898021.jpg" alt="" width="14" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”有“韋</span><img _height="15" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618898021.jpg" alt="" width="14" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”“絲</span><img _height="15" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618898021.jpg" alt="" width="14" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”“青絲</span><img _height="15" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618896017.jpg" alt="" width="14" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”和“木</span><img _height="15" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618896017.jpg" alt="" width="14" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”,“韋</span><img _height="15" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618059020.jpg" alt="" width="14" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”為皮製的履,上引《釋名》說“麻、韋、草皆同名也”,就是“韋”“麻”“草”做的履都可以稱為“</span><img _height="15" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618896017.jpg" alt="" width="14" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”的意思。“絲</span><img _height="15" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618059020.jpg" alt="" width="14" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”與“青絲</span><img _height="15" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618896017.jpg" alt="" width="14" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”可能所指相同,馬王堆漢墓遣策261號簡有“青絲履一兩,扁楮(緒/諸)掾(緣)”的記載,墓中出土有履面用菜綠色絲縷編織成的履,此即“青絲</span><img _height="15" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618898021.jpg" alt="" width="14" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”。“木</span><img _height="15" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618898021.jpg" alt="" width="14" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”是木作的履,可見在當時“</span><img _height="15" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618896017.jpg" alt="" width="14" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”可能並不專指粗糙的草履,而是已經演變為指一般意義上的“履”了。因為“履”一般都是一雙,因此以“兩”來計,上引簡文的“一梁(兩)”“二兩”,就是指“</span><img _height="15" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618896017.jpg" alt="" width="14" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”一雙和兩雙。</span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt" face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">    吳簡中有很多“葌米”的記載,如:</span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt" face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">        1、其一萬六千九百二斛一斗八升九合葌米。(貳·7615)</span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt" face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">        2、其三千三百七十斛六斗九升葌米〼 (肆·4122)</span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt" face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">        3、其一萬一千八百</span><img _height="14" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618766022.jpg" alt="" width="16" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">四斛四斗六升葌米。 (肆·4862)</span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt" face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">        4、其八百七十七斛一斗八升葌米。 (肆·5007)</span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt" face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">“葌米”的“葌”作如下之形:</span></font></div>
<font style="font-size: 10.5pt" face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">                    </span><img _height="89" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163619977023.jpg" alt="" width="59" border="0"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span><img _height="88" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163619790024.jpg" alt="" width="63" border="0"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span><img _height="89" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163619262025.jpg" alt="" width="68" border="0"></font>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt" size="5" face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">關於“葌米”以往的研究或認為是指代替葌草繳納的米,或認為是為購買葌草所備之米,或是認為指類似“柚租錢”之類的土特產稅。</span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt" size="5" face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">    吳簡中出現的“葌米”的數額非常的大,這就使得以往學術界對“葌米”性質的猜測都變得很難說通,因為不可能用如此大數額的米去代替葌草的繳納或是為了購買葌草,所謂的“土特產稅”更是不可能。</span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt" size="5" face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">    其實對“葌米”的錯誤認識都緣於字釋錯了,了解了上邊對“</span><img _height="15" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618896017.jpg" alt="" width="14" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”字的考證,就可知吳簡中的所謂“葌米”的“葌”字,其實也應該釋為“</span><img _height="15" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163618059020.jpg" alt="" width="14" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">”,所謂的“葌米”其實就是“</span><img _height="15" src="/forum2/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2021/10/29/20211029163619708026.jpg" alt="" width="14" border="0"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">(麤)米”。“麤米”是指雜有大量糠秕的糙米,也就是“糲米”。《漢書·食貨志下》:“一釀用麤米二斛,麴一斛。”北魏賈思勰《齊民要術·作酢法》:“水苦酒法:女麴麤米各二、斗清水一石,漬之一宿。”《史記·太史公自序》“啜土刑,糲粱之食”張晏曰:“一斛粟七斗米為糲。”瓚曰:“五斗粟三斗米為糲。音剌。”韋昭曰:“糲,礱也。”《索隱》曰:服虔云:“糲,粗米也。”</span></font></div>
<div align="left"><font style="font-size: 10.5pt" size="5" face="宋体"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">    因為是雜有大量糠秕的米,因此數額才會很大。</span></font></div>
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</font></div> 文章發出後,經朋友提醒,檢到羅小華先生在《五一廣場簡牘所見名物考釋》一文(《出土文獻》第十四輯)中已經指出本文所引2、3、4條中的“葌”是‘麤’字,指“履”而言。本文失於檢索,實不應該。本文所論權當為羅小華先生文章的補充。
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